Some, any, no and their derivatives

Ø  somewhere    anywhere       nowhere         everywhere

Positive

There is some butter in the fridge.

Somebodyphoned you last night.

I'd like somethingto eat.

They have a house somewherein the south of France.

Negative

There isn’t any money left.

I didn't go anywherelast night.

I didn't have anythingto eat.

He doesn't know anybodyin London.

There is no money left.

I went nowherelast night.

I had nothingto eat.

He knows nobodyin London.

Question

Is there any butter in the fridge?

Did you go anywherein the weekend?

Did you meet anybodyin the party?

Is there anythingto eat in the house?

Ø any can be found in affirmative sentences (in the meaning of 'любой').

Ø any is also used with hardly and with the preposition without when without any means with no.

Come at any time you like.

I have hardly any money left.)

He started his car without any difficulty.)

These words are followed by a verb in the singular:

Everybodylikes Kate.

Nobodywants more homework.

Everything isready.

We use everybody, everyone, somebodyand someoneto talk about people.

We use everything, something,and anythingto talk about things.

Ex. 1. Comment on the use of some or any in the following sentences.

1. Could I get you some fresh orange juice? I have just made some. 2. Yesterday I left the house without any money. 3. The council refused to give the designer any financial help. 4. Can I offer you some wine? 5. Any of the staff could have helped you. 6. If you have any questions, call me. 7. Shall I send you some other files? 8. There was never any question that she would leave her job. 9. Jackie hardly ever has any doubts about her abilities. 10. Could you buy some cheese in town? 11. There is seldom any world news on this channel. 12. The detective failed to find any further evidence. 13. Is there any water in the jug? 14. Would you like some juice?

Ex. 2. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.

1. People usually have some free time on weekends. 2. Some of my friends also teach English. 3. There is some snow in the streets. 4. Wait, I'll make some coffee for us. 5. There's some soup left. 6. I think I need some help. 7. She has some relatives in England. 8. Some people are so annoying! 9. We have some new contracts this year.
10. I can get you some bread when I go shopping.

Ex. 3. Complete the following sentences with some, any, no and their derivatives.

1.  It's too dark here. I can't see ....

2. Can I do ... for you?

3. They went... at all during the holiday.

4. It was very disappointing. Absolutely... happened.

5. I think there's ... wrong with the car.

6. Did you turn the oven off? I think I can smell... burning.

7. It was quiet in the room.... said anything.

8. Has... seen Paul today?

9. Was there ... interesting in the paper yesterday?

10. ... likes to stay in town on a hot day.

11. He couldn't find ... books on geography at the local library.
12. ... time ago I read about it in a magazine.

13. He wants ... more pudding. You can take it away.

14. There isn't... milk in the fridge but there is ... cream.

15. Most people like Tom but... don't.

Ex. 4. Translate into English.

1. В этом году Татьяна посадила у себя на даче кое-какие цветы, но не сажала никаких овощей. 2. — Есть ли смысл в том, что он говорит? — По-моему, никакого. Любой это тебе скажет. 3. Я обычно отдыхаю с некоторыми из своих друзей. 4. У него нет никаких причин сердиться на нее. 5. Если что-нибудь случится, это не моя вина (fault). 6. Кто-нибудь еще пришел?
7. Купи что-нибудь поесть, у нас в холодильнике (fridge) ничего нет. 8. Она редко читает газеты; говорит, что некоторые новости ее просто убивают. 9. Любое из его стихотворений — шедевр.
10. Не могли бы вы принести немного мела? 11. Любой студент знает, как труден путь к знаниям, хотя некоторые все же надеются на удачу. 12. Этот человек никогда ничего не боится. 13. Хочешь послушать какую-нибудь музыку? 14. Не молчи (keep silent), скажи что-нибудь. 15. Я согласен встретиться с вами в любое время, в любом месте.

Ex. 5. Read the following just for fun.

Everybody, Somebody, Anybody and Nobody

This is the story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybodyand Nobody.

There was an important job to be done and Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that because it was Everybody's job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn't do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have done.

Ex. 6. Read the text and say what you think about it

What is the sexist pronoun war?

Historically, the masculine pronoun has been used when the gender of the antecedent is unknown, or if both genders are represented. Many old proverbs illustrate it: "He laughs best who laughs last." "He who hesitates is lost." "He who plays the piper calls the tune." Some women see this as evidence of patriarchal domination. Others just don't like it. Often you can rewrite your sentence and avoid the problem altogether — make the verb and pronoun plural, for example — but sometimes rewriting isn't possible. Proposed alternatives include she and he or she, both of which interrupt the flow of the sentence and seem to be making a political point in the middle of whatever you are trying to say. Be aware that using the masculine pronoun may offend some people. Also be aware that the smooth flow of your sentence may be at stake. We solve the problem by alternating he and she ... it isn't a perfect solution, but it isn't a perfect world. The language may evolve, giving us a better option in the future.

                                               (from "Grammar Smart")

Much, many, (a) little, (a) few, a lot of

•(a) fewand manyare used with plural and countable nouns:

 I've got a few friends.

They haven't got many friends.

• (a) littleand muchare used with uncountable nouns:

Could I have a little water, please?

We haven't got much time.

Ø Few, little are used to emphasize the fact that the quantity is small.

The weather was rainy, so very few people came to see the man.

 There's little time. We must hurry up.

Ø A few, a little are used to state the positive fact that there is some quantity.