IV. Просмотрите текст и ответьте на вопросы.

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1) What is superconductivity? What field of science studies this phenomenon?

2) Who was the first to discover this phenomenon?

3) What scientists are known to have worked in the field of superconductivity?

4) What contribution to the development of superconductivity theory did Landau and Ginzburg make?

5) What great discovery was made by IBM scientists in 1986?

6) Is it possible to return superconducting material to the normal state? How can it be done?

7) What event made possible to obtain superconductors of temperature 100 Kelvin and higher?

8) What are the potential technical uses of superconductivity?

V. Укажите, какие утверждения соответствуют содержанию текста. Неправильные утверждения исправьте:

1. The latest achievements in superconductivity mean a revolution in technology and industry. 2. Superconductors were once thought to be physically impossible. 3. The achievements in superconductivity cannot be compared with the discoveries that led to electronics and nuclear power. 4. The electrical resistivity of a mercury wire disappears when cooled below 4 K. 5. Landau and Ginzburg introduced a model which was useful in understanding electromagnetic properties of superconductors. 6. Scientists from IBM found a ceramic material that became a superconductor at a temperature of 23 K. 7. Scientists lack a full understanding of how ceramics become superconductors. 8. Potential technical uses of high temperature superconductivity are unlikely to be possible and practical.

VI. Повторите, как образуются инфинитивные конструкции "сложное дополнение" и "сложное подлежащее". При необходимости обратитесь к грамматическому справочнику (Grammar Reference). Выполните следующие задания:

a) выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие данные инфинитивные конструкции; переведите эти предложения на русский язык;

b) поменяйте данные предложения на предложения с инфинитивным оборотом:

Пример: It is likely that superconductors will find applications we don't even think of at present. – Superconductors are likely to find applications we don't even think of at present.

1. It appears that the phenomenon of superconductivity have been discovered as early as 1911. 2. It is certain that the latest achievements in the field of superconductivity will make a revolution in technology and industry. 3. A Dutch physicist found that a superconducting material could return to normal state when a strong magnetic field was applied. 4. It seems that a lot of alloys and compounds become superconductors under certain conditions. 5. We know that many materials are used as superconductors. 6. Scientists in many countries consider that new conducting materials will be found.

VII. Выполните следующие задания:

a) разбейте текст на несколько частей;

b) озаглавьте каждую из них;

c) выпишите несколько ключевых слов из каждой части;

d) перескажите текст, используя данные слова.

VIII. Работа с диалогом.

Задание 1. Выпишите значения данных слов, пользуясь словарём:

light n., deal with v., demand п.,pure a.,soil п.,conserve v.,inexhaustible a.,raw a.,distribute v.

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите диалог.

Professor Brown:	Hello, glad to meet you, prof. Smith, haven't seen you for ages, since I left the University.
Prof. Smith:	How do you do, prof. Brown, I haven't expected to see you here. Are you interested in superconductivity problems? By the way, how are you making your living? I haven't heard anything about your work lately. I spent the last two years in Geneva as a member of a special UN committee.
Pr. В.:	I am with Bell Telephone company. It is a global leader in electrical engineering. And I deal with new technologies.
Pr. S.:	Oh, your work is so important nowadays. Mankind needs energy for producing light, heat and transportation. This is the basis of our civilization.
Pr. В.:	Sure, that's so. And as the population grows, so does the demand for better quality of life. Energy consumption increases daily.
Pr. S.:	But with it the threat to clean air, pure water and soil increases too. These natural resources are not inexhaustible.
Pr. В.:	Of course. We are developing new industrial systems to improve productivity, reducing the amount of raw materials and energy required. Our new advanced systems help to conserve energy too.
Pr. S.:	In Geneva one of the problems I studied was the problem to generate, transmit and distribute energy with great efficiency. I think Doctor Carter's work in this field is the most promising. From the Agenda (повестка дня) we have all just received you can see that Dr. Carter will speak on his work tomorrow.
Pr.B.:	I have already seen this paper on the program. I'll not miss (пропустить) it. Have you attended the morning session?
Pr. S.:	The most interesting was the discussion on problems of the balance between the needs of the mankind and the conservation of the natural resources.
Pr. В.:	Have you taken part in it?
Pr. S.:	Certainly. I've spoken about clean and efficient technology in the field of electrical engineering.

Задание 3. Выучите данный диалог, воспроизведите по ролям.

Supplementary Text

Выполните письменный перевод текста, пользуясь словарём. Озаглавьте данный текст.

Superconductivity is a state of matter that chemical elements, compounds and alloys assume on being cooled to temperatures near to absolute zero. Hence, a superconductor is a solid material that abruptly loses all resistance to the flow of electric current when cooled below a characteristic temperature. This temperature differs for different materials but generally is within the absolute zero (-273° C). Superconductors have thermal, electric and magnetic properties that differ from their properties at higher temperatures and from properties of nonsuperconductive materials.

Now hundreds of materials are known to become superconductors at low temperature. Approximately 26 of the chemical elements are superconductors. Among these are commonly known metals such as aluminium, tin, lead and mercury and several less common ones.

Most of the known superconductors are alloys or compounds. It is possible for a compound to be superconducting even if the chemical elements constituting it are not.

TEST YOURSELF

I. Проверьте, помните ли вы следующие слова. В случае необходимости обратитесь к словарю.

a) ratio, pollute, reliable, consumption, impossible, saturation, expand, quite, prominent, without, likely, light, previously, lack;

b) ток, источник, применение, поставлять, удобство, генератор, преимущество, уменьшать, достижение, проводник, изолятор, сопротивление, полностью, медь, течь (о токе), через, отличаться.

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