II. Put the verb into the correct form.

1. If you took more exercise, you                    better (feel)

2. If I sold my car, I                    much money for it (not / get)

3. It will be cheaper, if we                    by bus (go)

4. If somebody                        in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened (walk)

5. If you                  , you’ll miss the train (not / hurry)

6. I didn’t know you were in hospital. If                (I / know),                   (I / go) to visit you.

III. Change the sentences according to the model. Translate into Russian.

A. Model: The experiment is not interesting. I shall not carry it out.

If the experiment were interesting, I should carry it out.

1. The article doesn’t deal with organic chemistry. I shall not translate it.

2. I have no time. I shall not go to the library.

3. He doesn’t feel well. He doesn’t attend lectures.

B. Model: If I knew him, …(I should speak to him.)

1. If she were in the laboratory, she …

2. Provided they prepared for their examination better, they …

3. Were he free, he …

4. Unless he came in time, he …

 C. Model: If I had known him before, …(I should have spoken to him.)

1. If he had read that book, he …

2. If she had not been ill, she …

3. Provided they had come earlier, they …

4. If he had been in her place, he …

IV. Open the brackets use the correct verb forms.

1. If they (to find) the exact meaning of this word, they will understand the sentence easily.

2. If he (to work) much at his English, he will pass the exam well.

3. If they had studied the activity of uranium, they (to understand) that phenomenon better.

V. Translate from English into Russian.

1. The canal would not have been opened before the due time, if the builders had not devoted their energy to their work.

2. We should see them, if they were in the shop.

3. I shall be able to write my report today, unless I come home too late.

4. If you study hard, you will know the subject well.

5. If I were in your place, I should do this work myself.

6. If the oil supply had stopped even for a moment, serious damage might have resulted.

7. If you go there by plane, you will come in time for the conference.

8. If the student had been careful during the experiment, he would not have broken the instrument.

9. If you raise the temperature, the water will evaporate.

10. If we didn’t know the nature of radioactive elements, it would be difficult to deal with them.

11. Had we asked the way to the station, we should not have missed the train.

12. Were the expedition to Mars possible, it would give highly interesting results.

13. Could the scientists find out the means to make man’s life longer, it would be a great discovery. 

VI. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы посоветовался с родителями.

2. Если никто мне не поможет, я вынужден буду выполнить эту работу сам.

3. Если они найдут точное значение этого слова в словаре, то смогут легко понять это предложение.

4. Если бы он много занимался, то сдал бы экзамены без проблем.

5. Если бы ты вчера сходил в библиотеку, то нашел бы все необходимые книги.

6. Если бы у нас не было воды для питья, мы погибли бы через несколько дней.

7. Я зайду к вам после занятий, если у меня будет время.

8. Если бы мы вчера получили вашу телеграмму, то обязательно встретили бы вас на вокзале.

9. Если бы у нас было современное оборудование, то мы бы выпускали продукцию более высокого качества.

10. Мы закончим проводить эксперименты, когда получим все необходимые данные. 

Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)

Если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения стоит в настоящем времени, то глагол-сказуемое придаточного предложения может стоять в любом, требуемом по смыслу времени.

                          he isbusy now (он занят сейчас)

He says that      he wasbusy yesterday (он был занят вчера)

                          he will be busy tomorrow (он будет занят завтра)

Если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения стоит в прошедшем времени, то действует правило согласования времен, которое состоит в том, что сказуемое дополнительного придаточного предложения тоже должно стоять в одном из прошедших времен.

а) Если действия обоих сказуемых совершается одновременно, то в придаточном предложении сказуемое употребляется в форме Past Indefinite или Past Continuous, которые в данном случае переводятся на русский язык глаголом в настоящем времени.

Indirect questions

Special questions:

                                                                      He asked (me) …

                                                                      He wanted to know

                                                                      He wondered …

“What areyou doing?”                                 what I was doing.

“Wheredo youlive?”                                       where I lived.

“What is Nick doing?”                                  what Nick was doing.

“What haveyou prepared for today?”         what Ihad prepared.

“Whendid you comehome yesterday?”      when I had come home.

“When will your mother comehome?”         when my mother would come

                                                                       home.     

General questions:

He asked (me) …

He wanted to know …

He wondered …

“Areyou watching TV?”              if                  I was watching TV

“Do you play chess?”                whether            I played chess

“Haveyou doneyour homework?”                           I had donemy homework.

“Did you skatelast winter?”              if      I had skated the winter before.

“Will you seeyour friend tomorrow?” whether I should see my friend the                                                                                       next day.

Indirect commands:

Keep quiet! Don’t makenoise!

He told me   to keep quietand not to makenoise.

(He asked me)

Exercises: