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ANSWER KEY FOR IELTS READING PRACTICE TEST
READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1- 12, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. MOUNT EVEREST AND HILLARY
Questions 1 – 6 Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1 – 6 on your answer sheet.
Questions 7 – 12 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In boxes 7- 12 on your answer sheet write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 13-27, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below SLEEP A. Like many things about your body, scientists and medical professionals still have a lot to learn about the process of sleep. One earlier misconception that has now been revised is that the body completely slows down during sleep; it is now dear that the body’s major organs and regulatory systems continue to work actively – the lungs, heart and stomach for example. Another important part of the body also operates at night – the glands and lymph nodes, which strengthen the immune system. This is commonly why the body’s natural immunity is weakened with insufficient sleep. B. In some cases, certain systems actually become more active while we sleep. Hormones required for muscle development and growth, for instance, as well as the growth of new nerve cells. In the brain, activity of the pathways needed for learning and memory is increased. C. Another common myth about sleep is that the body requires less sleep the older we get. Whilst It is true that babies need 16 hours compared to 9 hours and 8 hours respectively for teenagers and adults, this does not mean that older people need less sleep. However, what is true if that for a number of different factors, they often get less sleep or find their sleep less refreshing. This is because as people age, they spend less time in the deep, restful stages of sleep and are more easily awakened. Older people are also more likely to have medical conditions that affect their sleep, such as insomnia, sleep apnoea and heart problems. D. Getting a good sleep is not just a matter of your head hitting the pillow at night and waking up in the morning. Your sleep goes in cycles throughout the night, moving back and forth between deep restorative sleep and more alert stages with dreaming. As the night progresses, you spend more time in a lighter dream sleep. E. Sleep patterns can be broken down into two separate and distinct stages – REM and NREM sleep, REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is when you dream. You usually have 3 to 5 periods of REM sleep each night, lasting from 5 minutes to over an hour, during which time your body’s activities increase. Breathing becomes fast, shallow and uneven, with an increase in brain activity, heartbeat and blood pressure. Although your major muscles generally don’t move, fingers and toes may twitch and body temperature changes and you may sweat or shiver. F. Research has concluded that this sleep is most important for your brain. It is when it is most active, processing emotions and memories and relieving stress. The areas used for learning and developing more skills are activated. In fact, the brain waves measured during REM sleep are similar to those measured when awake. G. NREM (Noil-Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is dreamless sleep. NREM sleep consists of four stages of deeper and deeper sleep. As you move through the stages, you become more relaxed, less aware of what is happening around you and more difficult to wake. Your body’s activity will also decrease as you move through the NREM stages, acting in the opposite manner to REM sleep. Stage 1 of NREM sleep is when you are falling to sleep. This period generally lasts between 5 and 10 minutes, during which time you can be woken easily. During stage 2, you are in a light sleep- the in-between stage before your fall into a deep sleep. It lasts about 20 minutes. In stage 3, deep sleep begins, paving the way for stage 4, in which you are difficult to awake and unaware of anything around you. This is when sleep walking and talking can occur. This is the most important stage for your body. Your brain has slowed right down and is recovering. Blood flow is redirected from your brain to your large muscles allowing them to mend any damage from your day at work. People woken quickly from stage 4 sleep often feel a sense of disorientation, which is why it is helpful to use an alarm clock with an ascending ring. H.About an hour and a half into your sleep cycle you will go from deep Stage 4 sleep back into light Stage 2 sleep, then into REM sleep, before the cycle begins again. About 75% of your sleep is NREM sleep. If you sleep for eight hours, about six of them will be NREM sleep. As the night progresses, you spend more time in dream sleep and lighter sleep. I. When you constantly get less sleep (even 1 hour less) than you need each night, it is called sleep debt. You may pay for it in daytime drowsiness, trouble concentrating, moodiness, lower productivity and increased risk of falls and accidents. Although a daytime nap cannot replace a good night’s sleep, it can help make up for some of the harm done as a result of sleep debt. But avoid taking a nap after 3 pm as late naps may stop you getting to sleep at night. And avoid napping for longer than 30 minutes as longer naps will make it harder to wake up and get back into the swing of things. Questions 13 – 16 Do the following statements agree with the information, given in the reading passage? In boxes 13-16 on your answer sheet write TRUE if the statement agrees with the in formation FALSE if the statement contradicts the in formation NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
Questions 17-20 Complete the sentences below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer, Write your answers in boxes 17 – 20 on your answer sheet.
Questions 21 and 22 Choose TWO letters, A-E. Write your answers in boxes 21 and 22. NB Your answers may be given in either order. REM sleep A. is more common for younger people. B. is when we dream. C. may cause your extremities to move of their own accord. D. lasts about an hour a night. E. is when the brain is most relaxed. Questions 23 – 27 The reading passage has nine paragraphs, A-I. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 23-27.
READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend shout 20 minutes on Questions 28 – 40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. A. A constellation is a group of stars which when viewed collectively appear to have a physical proximity’ in the sky. Constellation boundaries and definitions as used today in Western culture, and as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), were formalised in 1930 by Eugene Delporte. There are 88 official constellations as recognised by the IAU, those visible in the northern hemisphere being based upon those established by the ancient Greeks, The constellations of the southern hemisphere – since invisible to the Greeks due to geographical location – were not defined until later in the early modem era. B. Arguably, the twelve constellations through which the sun passes – as used to represent the signs of the zodiac to define birth characteristics – are the most culturally significant and well known of those established by the ancient Greeks. Cultural differences in Interpretation and definition of star constellations mainly relate to these zodiac interpretations, Chinese constellations, for example, which are different to those defined in the western world due to the independent development of ancient Chinese astronomy, includes 28 ‘Xiu’ or ‘mansions’ instead of the 12 western zodiac counterparts. In Hindu/Vedic astronomy, in which constellations are known as ‘rashis’, 12 rashi corresponding directly to the twelve western star signs are acknowledged; these are however, divided again into 27 ‘Nakshatras’ or ’lunar houses’. Many cultures have an intricate mythology behind the stars and their constellations. In Greek mythology, for example Pegasus, the winged horse, is said to have sprung from the decapitated head of Medusa, and later was used by the God King Zeus to carry thunder and lightning to Earth, before being put into a constellation. C. In Western astronomy, all modern constellation names derive from Latin, some stars within the constellations are named using the genitive form of the Latin word by using the usual rules of Latin grammar. For example the zodiac sign for the Fish constellation Pisces relates to Piscium. In addition, all constellation names have a standard three-letter abbreviation as assigned by the IAU, under which, for example, Pisces becomes PSC. D. Some star patterns often wrongly considered constellations by laymen are actually ‘asterisms’ – a group of stars that appear to form patterns in the sky -and are not in fact one of the 88 officially divided areas truly defined as a constellation. A famous example of an asterism oft mistaken for a constellation is the Big Dipper’ (as it is termed in North America) or the ‘Plough’ as it is known in the UK. In astronomical terms, this famous star formation is in fact considered only part of the larger constellation known as Ursa Major. E. In order to identify the position of stars relative to the Earth, there are a number of different celestial coordinate systems that cart provide a detailed reference point in space. There are many different systems, all of which are largely similar with the exception of a difference in the position of the fundamental plane – the division between northern and southern hemispheres. The five most common celestial systems are the Horizontal system, the Equatorial system, the Ecliptical system, the Galactic system and the Supergalactic system. F. The launch of the Hubble space telescope in April 1990 changed the way that astronomers saw the universe, providing detailed digital images of constellations, planets and gas- clouds that had never been seen before. Compared to ground-based telescopes, Hubble is not particularly large. With a primary mirror diameter of 2.4 meters (94.5 inches). Hubble would be considered a medium-size telescope on the ground. However, the combination of its precision optics, state-of-the-art instrumentation, and unprecedented pointing stability and control, allows Hubble to more than make up for its lack of size, giving it a range of well over 12 billion light years. G. The telescope’s location above the Earth’s atmosphere also has a number of significant advantages over land based telescopes. The atmosphere bends light due to a phenomenon known as diffraction (this is what causes starlight to appear to twinkle and leads to the often blurred images seen through ground-based telescopes). The Hubble Space Telescope can also observe infrared light that would otherwise be blocked by the atmosphere as the wavelength (distance between successive wave crests) of ultraviolet light is shorter than that of visible light. H. Despite early setbacks – one of the reflective mirrors had to be replaced after finding that it had been ground incorrectly and did not produce the images expected – the telescope has reignited interest in space amongst the general public – a requirement, given that taxpayer funding paid for the research, deployment and maintenance of the telescope. Questions 28 – 35 Reading Passage 1 has eight paragraphs A-H. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-H from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-xii in boxes 28-35. List of Headings i. Different methods of locating and identifying ii. A better view of the constellations iii. Technological advances in research and development iv. Atmospheric weaknesses of telescopes in orbit v. Different interpretations of star groupings vi. Common misconceptions vii. Bypassing terrestrial limitations viii. Renewed interest in the stars ix. Ethnic differences in celestial mapping x. Formal marking of constellations xi. Universal myths of constellations xii. Historical and modern reference
Questions 36 – 40 Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS. Write the correct answers in boxes 36-40. Despite an initial flaw in a 36_______________, the Hubble space telescope is superior to telescopes on land as it can identify 37 _________________ which would not normally reach the Earth’s surface. This is all the more impressive given that Hubble is only classified as a 38 _______________ telescope. Being above the atmosphere, it also has the advantages of not being affected by 39 _____________, which would otherwise lead to 40 ______________ images. ANSWER KEY FOR IELTS READING PRACTICE TEST
‘Everest was given its official English name in 1865 by the Royal Geographic Society upon recommendation of Andrew Waugh.’
‘Nobody was able to climb Everest until 1920 when Tibet first opened its borders to outsiders.’
‘Mallory’s body was not seen again until 75 years on, in May of 1999, and Irvine’s body is yet to be recovered.’
‘…Mallory carried a photograph of his wife on his person with the intention of leaving it on the summit when he reached it. This photo was not found on the body when it was discovered.’
‘As Norgay had never operated a camera, there are no photographs of Hillary on top of the mountain, just shots of Norgay…’
‘Sir Edmund Hillary devoted most of his life to helping the Sherpa people of Nepal through the Himalayan Trust.’
‘Nonetheless, the deadliest year in Mount Everest’s history was 1996’
Hillary looked for evidence, but the text says ‘fruitless search’, therefore he did not find any evidence.
‘…some additional photos looking down the mountain, ensuring evidence of their conquest and that the ascent was not faked’
‘Sir Edmund Hillary was knighted in the Order of the British Empire and Norgay (a subject of the King of Nepal) was granted the George Medal by the UK.’
We know that Hillary was involved in an expedition, but there is no reference to it being the first.
Although he did have a fall when in Kathmandu, he actually died of a heart attack.
One earlier misconception that has now been revised is that the body completely slows down during sleep.
We know that older people sleep less with a medical condition, but no reference is made of teenagers with medical concerns.
‘As the night progresses, you spend more time in a lighter dream sleep.’
Medical conditions can affect sleep, not the other way round.
‘REM…sleep is most important for your brain. It is when it is most active, processing emotions and memories and relieving stress.’
‘…brain waves measured during REM sleep are similar to those measured when awake.’
‘This period generally lasts between 5 and 10 minutes, during which time you can be woken easily.’
People woken quickly from stage 4 sleep often feel a sense of disorientation
See below
‘REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is when you dream.’ ‘fingers and toes may twitch’
The paragraph talks about babies, teenagers and older people.
‘Blood flow is redirected from your brain to your large muscles’
‘About an hour and a half into your sleep cycle you will go from deep Stage 4 sleep back into light Stage 2 sleep, then into REM sleep, before the cycle begins again.’
‘When you constantly get less sleep (even 1 hour less) than you need each night, it is called sleep debt. You may pay for it in daytime drowsiness, trouble concentrating, moodiness, lower productivity and increased risk of falls and accidents.’
‘…during which time your body’s activities increase.’
The paragraph talks about the formal naming of the constellations by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), were formalised in 1930 by Eugene Delporte.
The paragraph looks at different interpretations of the starts form different countries / cultures.
The paragraph talks about the original Latin names (historical) and the influence of the IAU (modern)
The paragraph talks about asterisms commonly confused (misconception) for constellations.
The paragraph talks about the different celestial systems for locating and identifying.
The paragraph focuses on the advances possible because of the Hubble telescope, giving a better view of the constellations.
The paragraph talks about the problems (limitations) of telescopes on land (terrestrial)
The paragraph talks about how the Hubble telescope has reignited interest in the stars.
See paragraph C and H
See paragraph G and H
See paragraph G and H
See paragraph G and H
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