EX1. WORDS «OUR ENVIRONMENT»

1. pollution – загрязнение

2. environment – окружение, окружающая среда

3. ignore – игнорировать

4. defenсe – защищать

5. protect - охранять

6. atmospheric - атмосферный

7. influence — влияние

8. plant — растение

9. law - закон

10. decision - решение

11. earthquake - землетрясение

12. forecast — предсказывать, прогнозировать

13. waste – отбросы производства

14. staff – материал

15. consumption – потребление

16. wrapping – обертка

17. suffocate – задохнуться

18. todecompose – разлагаться на составные части

19. acigarette butt – окурок

20. polystyrene – полистирол (хим. волокно)

EX.2. READTHE TEXTABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS PROBLEMS.GIVE YOUR OWN TITLE TO IT. EXPRESS YOUR PERSONAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE PROBLEM

 TEXT:WE MUST PROTECT OUR ENVIRONMENT

Our country. Our environment . There are manу big and small rivers, green forests, high mountains, lakes and seas in Russia. Our Earth is our home. I thing people must take care of our Motherland. There are some laws and decisions on this important question. We have state organizations which pay attention to this problem.

The international conventions pay much attention to the control of pollution too.

There are a lot of industrial enterprises in our country that`s why we can`t ignore the problem of the protection of our environment. We have the main aim of the protection. Our environment must be clean. What must we do for it? We have to control atmospheric and water pollution, to study the man`s influence on the climate. The pollution of the environment influences on the life of animals, plants and our human life. If we don`t use chemicals in a proper way we`ll pollute our environment.

Our plants and factories put their waste materials into water and atmosphere and pollute the environment.

There are many kinds of transport in our big cities, that is why we must pay attention to the protection of our nature and the health of the people.

Radiation. Now it has become one of the main problems. It is not good for health of people. Many people died from radiation some years ago in Chernobol. It was a tragedy. The other problem is an earthquake. We know some terrible earthquake in Armenia. Our scientists try to forecast earthquakes, then we can protect ourselves from them.

Many countries bury and forget about millions of tons of rubbish every year. It is known that in one year a Russian family with two children throws away about 50 kilos of paper (that’s six trees), and about 60 kilos of plastic. The average person throws away about 70 food cans, 34 cans of pet food and about 70 drink cans in one year. But we don’t have to throw away all domestic rubbish. In fact waste can be wonderful staff. Recycling is very expensive, but it saves trees and energy and protects the environment from pollution. People can save their planet for future generations if they remember the rule of three Rs: to reuse, reduce and recycle. We can reuse plastic bags and food containers, reduce water and electricity consumption, recycle most kinds of paper, glass, metal and plastic.

These days, people usually do the shopping in supermarkets. Nearly everything is packed in paper or plastic containers. Some of this packaging is necessary because it keeps food clean and fresh. But some packaging is not necessary, it’s just to make the food look better.

Unfortunately, some of the packaging doesn’t reach the bins. It becomes litter instead. Some people simply tear the wrapping off sweets and throw it away. They drop their cigarette packets and cans of drink without a thought. In the town this litter looks terrible. But fortunately special cleaners clear it away. In the countryside, it remains in the fields and on the roadsides unless the people who live nearby pick it up. It can kill or hurt farm animals. Bottles and cans cause cuts, and the animals can eat polythene bags and die, or put their heads in them and suffocate.

It’s interesting to knowthat a glass bottle thrown into the sea will take 1,000 years to decompose. In contrast, paper will decompose in only three months. A cigarette butt pollutes the sea for up to 5 years; plastic bags 10 to 20 years; nylon articles 30 to 40 years; cans and tins 500 years; and polystyrene 1,000 years. Isn’t it terrible?

So think hard before throwing unwanted things away. Otherwise some day you will have to live among the litter you have created yourselves.

EX.3.ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. The protection of our environment is an important problem, isn`t it?

2. Are there any laws and decisions on this question?

3. Do our state organizations pay attention to the problem of the protection of the environment?

4. We are against the pollution of environment, aren`t we?

5. Why is the problem of protecting our nature so important now?

6. Do you know anything about terrible earthquakes in our country?

7. Is it possible to forecast earthquakes?

8. Radiation is a very important problem, isn`t it?

9. What has happened in Chernobol?

10. Do you love your Motherland?

11. What can you do for protecting our water and air?

12. How much litter a year does an average Russian family produce?

13. Is it possible to recycle some thrown away things?

14. Why is recycling important today?

15. Are there any recycling centers in your town? What do people usually take there?

16. Is packaging necessary? Why?

17. Why does some packaging become litter?

18. Why is litter so dangerous, especially buried in the ground or thrown into the seas?

19. Are there any special people in towns and cities who clear the litter away? What about the  

       countryside?

EX.4.WORDS TO THE TEXT «NAURAL REAHES»

· The Orchard -сад

· Fruit-фрукты

· fruit-trees –фруктовые деревья

· pears-груши

· strawberries -клубника

·  raspberries -малина

·  Gooseberries -крыжовник

·  Currants –черная смородина

· violets -фиалки

·  snow-drops -подснежники

· Dandelions -одуванчики

·  Lilac–сирень

Ex.5 READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT «NATURAL REACHES»

 The Orchard

We all like fruit very much. A garden where fruit-trees grow is called an orchard. We can see many fruit-trees there: apple-trees, pear-trees, plum-trees and cherry-trees.

In the south we can also see orange-trees, lemon-trees, apricot-trees and peach-trees. In spring we already have cherries. Summer gives us apricots, peaches, red, blue and yellow plums.

Apples and pears are ripe in autumn. In summer we also have berries in our gardens-strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries and currants. Blackberries and bilberries we find only in forests. We do not plant them. They are wild berries.

Flowers

Let us go to the garden, to the forest or the field. How many flowers you will see there! Every month of spring and summer brings us some new flowers. In April we have violets and snow-drops. In May we have dandelions, lilies-of-the-valley and lilac. In June we have roses, lilies, daffodils, tulips and bluebells. In July we have forget-me -nots, corn-flowers and pinks.

In summer we like to pick flowers and make them into bunches. Flowers are beautiful. The roses are red, pink, white and yellow. So are the tulips. The violet is purple. The dandelion is yellow, and it looks like a little sun.

Birds

There are many kinds of birds. They are: a swallow, a sparrow, a dove, a magpie, a skylark, a robin, a blue-bird, a bullfinch, a wood pecker, a chaffinch, a starling, a stork, an eagle, an owl, a hawk, a crane, a sea-gull, a nightingale, a rook, a parrot, a crow and others. Some birds are rather big: a hawk, an owl, a crane, a stork, an eagle, but the rest are small. The body of a birds is covered with feathers. The feathers of the birds are of different colours.

All the birds make nests and they lay eggs there. Birds are useful to man. Birds are of value not only because they are beautiful, and we enjoy their songs, but also because they eat harmful insects, they eat the eggs of harmful insects, they eat weed seeds, which men want to destroy, they kill mice and small animals that harm crops. In these ways they help farmers, fruit-growers, foresters and people in cities and towns.

In what way are people helpful to birds? People must protect birds. They must feed birds in winter. They can build tables and shelters for birds, put food for them on the window- sills, set out bird baths.