Степени сравнения прилагательных

Праздники в Америке

HolidaysintheUSA

Задание 1.Прочитайте и переведите текст о праздниках в США.

Every country has its own holidays. They reflect the history of the country and its cultural and religious traditions. Some religious holidays are common in differ­ent countries. They are Christmas and Easter.

Americans celebrate Christmas on the 25^th of Decem­ber. They buy a lot of presents for each other, for their parents, children and friends.

The New Year’s day, the 1^st of January is not so wide­ly celebrated in the United States as we do it in Russia.

Of course, the most important holiday in America is the 4^th of July, The Independence Day. People like to watch colourful fireworks in the evening. The 4^th of July is the day-off and people don’t go to work.

The holidays when people don’t go to work are: Mar­tin Luther King’s day on the 20^th of January, Labour Day on the 7^th of September and Thanksgiving on the last Friday of November. On Thanksgiving Americans usually eat turkey. This holiday reminds the time when the first colonists (pilgrims) from England came to America in 1620 and could survive in the unknown land. There is still a big white stone on the shore in Plymouth in Massachusetts, that the pilgrims landed on. It is called «The Plymouth Rock».

The 31st of October is the children’s most favourite holiday – Halloween. On this day children, dressed in funny dresses visit their neighbours and say «Trick or treat!» and get sweets.

The rest of the holidays are usually on weekends. They are: the Flag’s Day, Mother’s Day, Armed Forces Day. Americans also celebrate Lincoln’s birthday, Washing­ton’s birthday, President’s Day in February.

The 14th of February is Valentine’s day or as it is called «All Lovers Day».

Words

to reflect – отражать

Christmas – Рождество

Easter – Пасха

widely celebrated – широкопразднуется

day-off – выходной

fireworks – фейерверк

turkey – индейка

to remind – напоминать

to survive – выживать

Задание 2.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

Holidays in Russia

There are many national holidays in Russia, when people all over the country do not work have special celebrations. The major holidays are: New Year's Day, Women's Day, May Day, Victory Day and Independence Day. The first holiday of the year is New Year's Day. People see the new year in at midnight to the 31st of December. They greet the new year with champagne and listen to the Kremlin chimes beating 12 o'clock. There are lost of New Year traditions in Russia. In every home there is a New Year tree glittering with coloured lights and decorations. Children always wait for Father Frost to come and give them a present. Many people consider New Year's Day to be a family holiday. But the young prefer to have New Year parties of their own.

A renewed holiday in our country is Christmas. It is celebrated on the 7th of January. It's a religious holiday and a lot of people go to church services on that day.

On the 8th of March we celebrate Women's Day when men are supposed to do everything about the house and cook all the meals.

The greatest national holiday in our country is Victory Day. On the 9th of May, 1945, the Soviet Army and its allies completely defeated the German fascists and the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War ended. This year we celebrated the 50th anniversary of this great event. A magnificent memorial on Poklonnaya Gora has been built to commemorate the Victory. Many veterans took part in the military parade and laid wreaths on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. All stood in silence for a minute. Radio and television broadcast popular war songs all day long. A lot of guest from different countries of the world came to Moscow to participate in the celebrations.

Independence Day is a new holiday in our country. On the 12th of June, 1992, the first President of Russia was elected.

We also celebrate Day of the Defender of Motherland on the 23d of February, Easter, Day of knowledge and lots of professional holidays.

Мой рабочий день

Задание 1.Прочитайте и переведите текст

My working day

Usually I get up at 7 o`clock on week-days. I do my bed and open the window. Sometimes I do my morning exercises, but not always. Then I go to the bathroom. There I wash myself and clean my teeth. Sometimes I take a shower. After that I go back to my bedroom, dress myself and brush my hair. In five minutes I am ready enough for breakfast. I always have a cup of tea or coffee and a sandwich. After breakfast I take my bag, put on my coat and go to the college.

I live not far from my college and it takes me only ten minutes to walk there. I am never late for the first lesson, because I come to the college a few minutes before the bell. I leave my coat in the cloakroom and go to the classroom,. The lessons begin at eight o`clock and at half past one they are over. Sometimes after the lessons I go to the library to take some books. I usually do my hometask at home. As a rule, I have no free time on my week-days.

Sometimes I have dinner at my college canteen. For dinner I usually have soup for the first course, meat or fish with some salad for the second. I drink milk or a cup of tea.

Twice a week I go to the swimming pool. I play volley-ball in the college team and we have our training at our big gymnasium.

In the evening all the members of our family get together. We have supper together, watch TV or read books. Reading is my hobby. I like to read detective stories or books of modern writers. At about eleven o`clock I go to bed

Задание 2.Ответьтенавопросы.

1. When do you usually get up on your working day?

2. What do you do in the morning when you get up?

3. What do you have for breakfast?

4. How much time does it take you to get to your school?

5. Do you have dinner at home or at the school canteen?

6. What do you usually have for dinner?

7. Do you often go to the library?

8. When does your family have supper?

9. Do you go in for sports?

10. When do you usually go to bed?

Задание 3.Составьте письменно рассказ о своем рабочем дне, в качестве плана используйте вопросы из задания 2.

My working day

Степени сравнения прилагательных

Прилагательное – часть речи, выражающая качество или свойство предмета (явления, лица). В английском языке прилагатель­ные не изменяются ни по числам, ни по падежам, ни по родам и переводятся в соответствии с родом, числом и падежом существи­тельного, к которому относятся: ayoungman – молодой человек ayoungwoman – молодая женщина youngpeople – молодые люди

В предложении прилагательное выполняет роль определения или именной части сказуемого. В функции определения прилагательное стоит перед определяемым словом, а в функции составной части сказуемого – после глагола-связки

Не used a new method in his work. Он использовалновый метод в своей работе.      

This method is new. Этотметод –новый.

Степени сравнения прилагательных

Сравнительная и превосходная степень односложных и некоторых двусложных прилагательных образуется с помощью суффиксов – er, -est, -st

Многосложные прилагательные образуют степени сравнения при помощи наречий more и most (сравнительная и превосходная степе­ни наречия much):

В английском языке есть ряд прилагательных, образующих степе­ни сравнения от других корней:

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 1. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень следующих прилагательных. Не забудьте употреблять определенный артикль перед превосходной степенью прилагательных.

Неопределенные местоимения

There is something on the table. – Настолеестьчто-то.

Is there anything on the table? – Что-нибудьестьнастоле?

There is nothing on the table. – Настоленетничего.

Somebody (someone) came into the room. – Кто-товошелвкомнату.

Did you see anybody (anyone) in the room? – Вывиделикого-нибудьвкомнате?

There isn't anybody (anyone) there. – Тамникогонет.

Isawnodody (noone) there. – Я никого там не видел.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 1. Вставьте some, any или nо.

1. There are ________ pictures in the book. 2. Are there _____ new students in your group? 3. There are __________ old houses in our street. 4. Are there _______ English text­books on the desks? -Yes, there are_______. 5. Are there ______ maps on the walls? – No, there aren't ______. 6. Are there _______ pens on the desk? – Yes, there are _______. 7. Are there ... sweets in your bag? – Yes, there are ______.

Упражнение 2.Вставьтеsomething, anything, nothingилиeverything.

1. My husband taught his son ________he knows. 2. Her patient has a bad memory. She can't remember __________. 3. I think there is _________ wrong with my watch. 4. We’ve got __________ to eat. We've got only _______ to drink. 5. The stu­dent didn't understand _____ because she heard _____. 6. Does he know _____ about computers? – Yes, he knows _______ because he is the best specialist in comput­er science at Harvard University. 7. He felt terrible. He couldn't do _______ else.

Упражнение 3.Вставьтеsomebody, anybody, nobodyилиeverybody.

1. Don't tell ________ about it. It's a secret. 2. Life is tough! ________ has problems. 3. _____ has eaten all the ice cream. That's terrible! ______ will be able to have it for dessert tonight. 4. I think _____ in our class is honest. That's why we trust _______. 5. If you look in the yellow pages, I am sure you'll find ________ who can fix your TV. 6.1 am not a perfectionist. _____ is perfect in this world. 11. Is there ______ in the office?

Настоящеепростоевремя

The Present Simple Tense

Формы PresentSimple совпадают с формами инфинити­ва глагола без частицы to для всех лиц, кроме формы 3-го лица единственного числа (he, she, it), которая принимает окончание -s или -es. Для формы PresentSimple характерны следующие обстоятельства времени: everyday (year, month), seldom, often, never, usually, always и т.д. На русский язык переводится настоящим временем:

I workeveryday. – Я работаю каждый день

She (he, it) workseveryday. – Она (он) работает каждый день.

Отрицательная и вопросительная формыPresentSimple образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола todo (для 3-го лица единственного числа does) и смыслового глагола в форме инфинитива без частицы to.

При образовании отрицательной формы сохраняется порядок слов утвердительного предложения. Отрицание not ставится между вспомогательным и смысловым глаголом.

Idonotworkeveryday.       Янеработаюкаждыйдень

She (he, it) doesnot work every day.       Она (он) не работает каждый день

При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим, а смысловой глагол следует за подлежащим.

Do you work every day?  Выработаетекаждыйдень?

Does she (he, it) not work every day?      Она (он) работает каждый день?

Будущеепростоевремя

TheFutureSimpleTense

FutureSimpleобразуется при помощи вспомогательных глаголов shall/ will(shall только в британском варианте языка) для 1-го лица единственного и множественного числа и will для всех остальных лиц и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to.FutureSimple употребляется, как правило, с обстоятельствами: tomorrow, nextmonth (year, week),in... days(years), а также с датами, относящимися к будущему: in 2020 и т.д.

В разговорной речи четко выявляется тенденция употребления will с 1-м лицом.

shall

will + Infinitive без to

На русский язык переводится глаголом в будущем времени как несовершенного, так и совершенного вида в зависимости от контекста.

Неwill work next week. Он будетработать на следующей неделе.

При образовании отрицательной формысохраняется порядок слов утвердительного предложения, отрицание notставится между вспомогательным и смысловым глаголом.

Неwill not work next week. Он не будетработать на следующей неделе.

При образовании вопросительной формывспомогательный глагол ставится передподлежащим, а смысловой – после подлежащего.

Willhеwork next week? Он будетработать на следующей неделе?

ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ!В придаточных времени с союзами when (когда), after (после), before (перед тем как),assoonas (как только), until (до тех пор пока не), относящихся к будущему времени, а также в придаточных условия, вводимых союзами if (если) и unless (если не), будущее время заменяется формой настоящего времени, но на русский язык переводится будущим, например:

If you help me, I shall do this work on time. – Еслитыпоможешьмне, ясделаюэтуработувовремя.

As soon as I get free, I shall give you a call. – Кактолькояосвобожусь, явампозвоню.

Weshallnotsittodinneruntilyoucome. –Мы не сядем обедать, пока ты не придешь.

ВАЖНО!Иногда в сложносочиненном предложении словами when и if вводится придаточное дополнительное, а не придаточное времени или условия. В этом случае использование настоящего времени в придаточном будет ошибкой. Чтобы определить, какую форму глагола необходимо использовать, достаточно поставитьвопрос к придаточному предложению – «при каком условии?» и «когда?» к придаточным условия и времени и «что?» – к придаточному дополнительному.

We shall sit to dinner (Когда?) when he comes. – Мысядемобедать, когдаонпридет.

We will go to the movies if he comes. – Мыпойдемвкино, еслионпридет.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Упражнение 1. Вставьте глагол tobe в PresentSimple.

1. ... they at home? – No, they ... not at home, they ... at work. 2. My brother ... a worker. He ... at work. 3. ... you an engineer? – Yes, I ... 4. ... your sister a typist? No, she ... not a typist, she ... a student. 5. ... your brother at school? – Yes, he... . 6. ... your sister at school? – No, she ... not at school. 7. My ... sister ... at home. 8. ... this your watch? – Yes, it ... . 9. She … an actress. 10. This ... my bag. 11. My uncle ... an office-worker. 12. He ... at work. 13. Helen ... a painter. She has some fine pictures. They ... on the walls. She has much paper. It ... on the shelf.The shelf ... brown.It ... on the wall. Helen has a brother. He ... a student. He has a family. His family ... not in St. Petersburg, it ... in Moscow.

Упражнение 2.Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол tobeв PresentSimple.

Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в PresentSimple.

(USUALLY)

1. My sister (to get) _________ up at eight o'clock. 2. She (to be) _________ a school-girl. She (to go) __________ to school in the afternoon. 3. Jane (to be) __________fond of sports. She (to do) __________her morning exercises every day. 4. For breakfast she (to have) __________ two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 5. After breakfast she (to go) __________ to school.

Упражнение 4.Переведитенаанглийскийязык, употребляяглаголывPresentSimple.

(ОБЫЧНО)