FUNCTION                    VERB                                                 NOUN

Methodical recommendations for practical classes

Theme: 2. Functions of the body

Specialty: ­5В110200 «Public Healthcare»

Discipline: «Professionally-oriented foreign language»

Course: 2,3

Compiled by: Raissova R.А., BaltayevaА.К.,Kenzhebekova R.S.

Astana 2017

1. Theme: 2.Functions of the body

2. Aim: - to learn lexical and grammar material on the topic

3. Teaching tasks:

- to introduce and use new vocabulary on the topic;

- to practice reading and discussing the text;

- to know how to use Present instead of Future. The Continuous Passive tense forms;

- to develop student’s specific language skills and abilities.

4. General issues of the theme:

Pre-reading tasks

1. Make a mind map of the word “BODY”.

2. Answer the questions:

“What should we do to stay alive and live?

“What functions does a human have?”

4.2 Reading tasks:

Read and translate the text

Functions of the body

Our bodies consist of a number of biological systems that carry out specific functions necessary for everyday living.

The job of the circulatory system is to move blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones, around the body. It consists of the heart, blood, blood vessels,arteries and veins.

The digestive system consists of a series of connected organs that together, allow the body to break down and absorb food, and remove waste. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The liver and pancreas also play a role in the digestive system because they produce digestive juices.

The endocrine system consists of eight major glands that secrete hormones into the blood. These hormones, in turn, travel to different tissues and regulate various bodily functions, such as metabolism, growth and sexual function.

The immune system is the body's defense against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens that may be harmful. It includes lymph nodes, the spleen, bone marrow, lymphocytes (including B-cells and T-cells), the thymus and leukocytes, which are white blood cells.

The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymph ducts and lymph vessels, and also plays a role in the body's defenses. Its main job is to make is to make and move lymph, a clear fluid that contains white blood cells, which help the body fight infection. The lymphatic system also removes excess lymph fluid from bodily tissues, and returns it to the blood.

The nervous system controls both voluntary action (like conscious movement) and involuntary actions (like breathing), and sends signals to different parts of the body. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect every other part of the body to the central nervous system.

The body's muscular system consists of about 650 muscles that aid in movement, blood flow and other bodily functions. There are three types of muscle: skeletal muscle which is connected to bone and helps with voluntary movement, smooth muscle which is found inside organs and helps to move substances through organs, and cardiac muscle which is found in the heart and helps pump blood.

The reproductive system allows humans to reproduce. The male reproductive system includes the penis and the testes, which produce sperm. The female reproductive system consists of the vagina, the uterus and the ovaries, which produce eggs. During conception, a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, which creates a fertilized egg that implants and grows in the uterus.

Our bodies are supported by the skeletal system, which consists of 206 bones that are connected by tendons, ligaments and cartilage. The skeleton not only helps us move, but it's also involved in the production of blood cells and the storage of calcium. The teeth are also part of the skeletal system, but they aren't considered bones.

The respiratory system allows us to take in vital oxygen and expel carbon dioxide in a process we call breathing. It consists mainly of the trachea, the diaphragm and the lungs.

The urinary system helps eliminate a waste product called urea from the body, which is produced when certain foods are broken down. The whole system includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, two sphincter muscles and the urethra. Urine produced by the kidneys travels down the ureters to the bladder, and exits the body through the urethra.

The skin, or integumentary system, is the body's largest organ. It protects us from the outside world, and is our first defense against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. Our skin also helps regulate body temperature and eliminate waste through perspiration. In addition to skin, the integumentary system includes hair and nails.

Humans have five vital organs that are essential for survival. These are the brain, heart, kidneys, liver and lungs.

The human brain is the body's control center, receiving and sending signals to other organs through the nervous system and through secreted hormones. It is responsible for our thoughts, feelings, memory storage and general perception of the world.

The human heart is a responsible for pumping blood throughout our body.

The job of the kidneys is to remove waste and extra fluid from the blood. The kidneys take urea out of the blood and combine it with water and other substances to make urine.

The liver has many functions, including detoxifying of harmful chemicals, breakdown of drugs, filtering of blood, secretion of bile and production of blood-clotting proteins.

The lungs are responsible for removing oxygen from the air we breathe and transferring it to our blood where it can be sent to our cells. The lungs also remove carbon dioxide, which we exhale.

Post-reading tasks

Answer the following questions:

1. How many vital organs does a human body have?

2. What part of the body is responsible forremoving oxygen and transferring it to our blood?

3. What is the body's largest organ?

4. Do the teeth are part of the skeletal system?

5. What parts does the respiratory system consist of?

6. What is the body's defense against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens that may be harmful?

Eating

The five senses

In addition to smell and taste, the senses include sight (or vision), hearing, and touch (also called sensation or feeling). To ask about the senses, doctors use the questions:

To ask about the sense of touch, doctors talk about numbness (loss of sensation):

OTHER FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION                    VERB                                                 NOUN

When taking a history, doctors can ask:

When auscultating a patient’s lungs, the doctor tells the patient: Take a deep breath in, hold your breath, then breathe out completely.

LESS COMMON FUNCTIONS

There are some things we do less often. When we are hot, we sweat. When we are nervous, we shake. When we are sad, we cry. Doctors can ask:

4.5 Exercises: