PART 1. VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN: ORIENTATIONS AND PREFERENCES OF TEENAGERS.

THE TABLE 1. CINEMA PREFERENCES OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS.

TITLES OF FAVORITE MOVIES NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS)

WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. PRETTY WOMAN (USA, 1990): 26,04

2. DIAMOND HAND (RUSSIA, 1969): 23,02

3. GENTLEMEN OF GOOD LUCK (RUSSIA, 1974) 22,09

4. BACK TO THE FUTURE (USA, 1985) 18,13

5. FROM DUSK TILL DAWN (USA, 1995) 16,97

6. SPEED (USA, 1994) 16,27

7. IRONY OF THE FORTUNE (RUSSIA, 1975) 14,88

8. BASIC INSTINCT (1992) 13,25

9. TWIN PEAKS (USA, 1989) 12,32

10.WHITE SUN OF THE DESERT (RUSSIA, 1970) 11,86

THE TABLE 2. RUSSIAN TEENAGER'S FAVORITE PC-GAMES.

THE TITLE OF PC-GAMES NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1.TETRIS 44,65

2.DOOM 25,11

3.SPORT GAMES 15,81

4.ALADDIN 7,20

5.MORTAL COMBAT 3,02

NUMBER OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) THAT DON'T HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO PLAY PC-GAMES: 25,11.

THE TABLE 3. COUNTRIES, HAVING THE FILM INDUSTRY THAT PRODUCES, AS RUSSIAN TEENAGERS THINK, MOVIES, TV-SHOWS, PC-GAMES WITH LOTS OF VIOLENCE SCENES.

COUNTRIES - PRODUCERS OF SCREEN INDUSTRY NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. USA 90,93

2. CHINA (HONG KONG) 52,79

3. JAPAN 30,69

4. RUSSIA 28,83

5. ITALY 11,39

THE TABLE 4. GENRES OF FILMS, TV-SHOWS, PC-GAMES THAT, IN THE OPINION OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS, MOST FREQUENTLY GO WITH THE VIOLENCE SCENES.

GENRES OF SCREEN INDUSTRY NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. ACTION 90,23

2. THRILLER 76,27

3. HORROR 43,72

4. FANTASTIC 23,72

5. DETECTIVE 22,09

THE TABLE 5. THEMES OF FILMS, TV-SHOWS, PC-GAMES THAT, IN THE OPINION OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS, MOST FREQUENTLY GO WITH THE VIOLENCE SCENES.

THEMES OF SCREEN INDUSTRY NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. CRIMINAL 54,88

2. MILITARY 49,53

3. COSMIC 29,76

4. PSYSHO-PATOLOGIC 25,34

5. EROTIC 22,79

THE TABLE 6. FILMS, CONTAINING SCENES OF VIOLENCE, MAIN CHARACTERS OF WHICH ARE LOVE BY RUSSIAN TEENAGERS.

THE TITLE OF A MOVIE NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. TWIN PEAKS (1989) 37,67

2. SILENCE OF THE LAMBS, THE (1991) 32,79

3. GODFATHER, THE (1972) 31,86

4. FROM DUSK TILL DAWN (1995) 26,27

5. TERMINATOR, THE (1984) 24,41

6. BASIC INSTINCT (1992) 19,53

7. NIKITA (1990) 18,83

8. BRAM STOKER'S DRACULA (1992) 17,90

9. RAMBO (1981) 17,44

10.NIGHTMARE ON ELM STREET, THE (1984) 12,09

11.NATURAL BORN KILLERS (1993) 11,39

12.LEON (PROFESSIONAL) (1995) 10,23

13.PULP FICTION (1994) 9,06

14.ONCE UPON A TIME IN AMERICA (1984) 6,04

15.FRIDAY THE 13TH (1980) 4,41

THE TABLE 7. CHARACTERS TRAITS THAT RUSSIAN TEENAGERS LIKE ABOUT THE HEROES OF FILMS, CONTAINING SCENES OF VIOLENCE (TABLE 6).

CHARACTER TRAITS OF THE SCREEN HEROES NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. FIRMNESS 41,62

2. INTELLECT 40,23

3. BEAUTY 36,51

4. POWER 36,27

5. COURAGE 27,44

6. FASCINATION 22,55

7. CRUELTY 19,53

8. RESOURCEFULNESS 16,51

9. PURPOSE 15,34

10.CUNNING 13,48

11.OPTIMISM 12,09

12.KINDNESS 10,46

THE TABLE 8. WAYS IN WHICH RUSSIAN TEENAGERS WOULD LIKE TO RESEMBLE THE HEROES OF FILMS, CONTAINING SCENES OF VIOLENCE.

THE DESCRIPTION OF THE DESIRED TRAIT NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. WORLD OUTLOOK 19,76

2. BEHAVIOUR 12,32

3. MANNER OF DRESSING 9,69

4. JOB 8,60

5. ATTITUDE TOWARDS PEOPLE 7,44

PART 2. TEENAGERS' ATTITUDE TO THE VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN: REASONS AND RESULTS.

THE TABLE 9. THE ATTITUDE OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS TOWARDS THE VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN

NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) 48,14

THAT ARE ATTRACTED BY THE VIOLENCE

NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) 28,84

THAT DON'T GET ATTRACTED BY THE VIOLENCE

NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) 23,02

THAT DON'T HAVE A DEFINITE OPINION ABOUT THE PROBLEM

THE TABLE 10. THE FACTORS THAT ATTRACT RUSSIAN TEENAGERS TOWARDS WATCHING SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN.

FACTORS: NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. ENTERTAINING FUNCTION 33,02

2. OUTSTANDING ACTING 28,37

3. PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORSHIP 22,09

4. FUNCTION OF RECREATION 15,81

5. INFORMATION FUNCTION 11,86

6. OUTSTANDING SPECIAL EFFECTS 8,37

7. DYNAMICS, SPEED OF ACTION 7,90

8. FUNCTION OF IDENTIFICATION 6,74

9. NO ATTRACTIVE FACTORS 5,34

10.COMPENSATORY FUNCTION 3,95

THE TABLE 11. THE REASONS (IN THE OPINION OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS) OF NOT LIKING SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN.

THE REASONS (IN THE OPINION NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS) OF NOT LIKING SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN:

1. VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN INCREASES THE VIOLENCE IN REAL LIFE 30,46

2. DISGUST TOWARDS SEEING BLOOD, CRIPPLED PEOPLE 14,65

3. HATRED TO VIOLENCE OF ANY KIND 8,60

4. FEAR OF VIOLENCE OF ANY KIND 8,13

5. I DON'T WANT TO EXPERIENCE NEGATIVE EMOTIONS 3,95

THE TABLE 12. THE TYPE OF THE COMPANY WITH WHOM RUSSIAN TEENAGERS PREFER TO WATCH SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN.

TYPE OF THE COMPANY NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. FRIENDS 54,88

2. GIRLFRIEND, BOYFRIEND 22,79

3. ALONE 21,16

4. PARENTS 17,44

5. ANY PEOPLE 14,88

THE TABLE 13. REASONS FOR WATCHING SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN.

REASONS FOR WATCHING SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. ABSENCE OF SOMETHING TO DO 62,32

2. GOOD MOOD 26,27

3. LOW SPIRITS 11,39

4. DISAGREEMENT WITH PARENTS 5,81

THE TABLE 14. TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STATES, IN WHICH RUSSIAN TEENAGERS FIND THEMSELVES AFTER WATCHING SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN.

TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STATES NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE DOESN'T CHANGE 65,81

2. EXCITEMENT 29,76

3. DISORDER 13,72

4 DEPRESSION 6,27

5. AGGRESSION 5,58

6. BITTERNESS 4,88

7. RETICENCE 2,32

8. AGITATION 2,09

9. JOY 1,62

10.INDIFFERENCE 1,16

THE TABLE 15. THE TIME, DURING WHICH RUSSIAN TEENAGERS THINK OVER THE SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN THEY SAW.

TYPE OF TIME NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. SCENES O VIOLENCE ARE REMEMBERED FOR A SHORT WHILE 65,58

2. SCENES OF VIOLENCE ARE

FORGOTTEN RIGHT AWAY 33,95

3. SCENES OF VIOLENCE ARE REMEMBERED FOR A LONG WHILE 6,27

THE TABLE 16. THE ATTITUDE OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS TOWARDS DISCUSSING SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN.

TYPE OF THE ATTITUDE NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. SCENES OF VIOLENCE ARE DISCUSSED SOMETIMES 63,48

2. SCENES OF VIOLENCE ARE DISCUSSED REGULARLY 22,79

3. SCENES OF VIOLENCE ARE NEVER DISCUSSED 13,73

THE TABLE 17. THE TYPE OF A COMPANY WITH WHOM RUSSIAN TEENAGERS PREFER TO DISCUSS SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN.

THE TYPE OF A COMPANY NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. FRIENDS 64,18

2. PARENTS 17,90

3. ANYBODY 12,09

4. BOYFRIEND, GIRLFRIEND 5,81

PART 3. TEENAGERS AND VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN: THE RESULTS OF SITUATIONS' TESTS.

THE TABLE 18. FILMS, THAT RUSSIAN TEENAGERS WOULD TAKE WITH THEM TO A DESERT ISLAND

THE TITLE OF THE FILM NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. PRETTY WOMAN (USA, 1990) 16,04

2. GENTLEMEN OF GOOD LUCK (RUSSIA, 1974) 10,23

3. DIAMOND HAND (RUSSIA, 1969) 9,06

4. IRONY OF THE FORTUNE (RUSSIA, 1975) 4,18

5. FROM DUSK TILL DAWN (USA, 1995) 3,95

THE TABLE 19. FAVORITE NAMES OF PETS THAT COULD BE CALLED AFTER MOVIE CHARACTER.

THE NAMES OF THE PETS NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. FANTOMAS 19,59

2. BATMAN 12,79

3. DRACULA 9,53

4. ANGELIQUES 9,06

5. SUPERMAN 7,67

THE TABLE 20. THE TYPES OF REACTION OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS DURING WATCHING OF SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN.

THE TYPES OF REACTION NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. CALM CONTINUATION OF WATCHING 36,51

2. FOOD IN FRONT OF TV 20,46

3. TURNING AWAY FROM TV 18,37

4. TURNING OFF THE VOLUME 16,51

5. TURNING OFF THE TV 10,46

THE TABLE 21. THE ATTITUDE OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS TOWARDS THE HYPOTHESIS SUGGESTION TO ACT IN THE MOVIES CONTAINING SCENES OF VIOLENCE

THE ATTITUDE OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. PARTICIPATION ON THE CONDITION OF HIGH SALARY 59,53

2. PARTICIPATION BECAUSE OF THE DESIRE TO SHOW OFF 20,23

3. NOT-PARTICIPATION BECAUSE OF THE LACK OF ACTOR'S TALENT 14,41

4. NOT-PARTICIPATION BECAUSE OF THE PREFERENCE OF EROTIC SCENES 9,30

5. NOT-PARTICIPATION BECAUSE OF THE DISGUST TOWARDS SCENES OF VIOLENCE 7,67

THE TABLE 22. REASONS OF VIOLENCE AND AGGRESSION IN A SOCIETY ( BY OPINION OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS)

REASONS OF VIOLENCE AND AGGRESSION IN A SOCIETY NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. INITIALLY IN THE HUMAN NATURE 45,11

2. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVIATIONS OF SOME PEOPLE 38,60

3. THE MATERIAL INEQUALITY 18,37

4. THE VIOLENCE SHOWN ON THE SCREEN 3,25

THE TABLE 23. OPINION OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN ON THE INCREASE OF THE CRIME IN THE SOCIETY.

TYPE OF THE OPINION NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1.THE SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN LEAD TO THE INCREASE OF THE CRIME AMONG

PSYCHOS 35,58

2.THE SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN LEAD TO THE INCREASE OF THE CRIME TO THE SMALL DEGREE 33,02

3.THE SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN DOESN'T LEAD TO THE INCREASE OF THE CRIME , BECAUSE CRIMES EXISTED BEFORE THE INVENTION OF CINEMA AND TV 16,04

4. THE SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN UNDOUBTEDLY LEAD TO THE INCREASE OF THE CRIME 14,18

5. THE SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN DOESN'T LEAD TO THE INCREASE OF THE CRIME, BECAUSE THEY DISGUST PEOPLE 4,18

THE TABLE 24. THE ATTITUDE OF RUSSIAN TEENAGERS TOWARDS THE PROHIBITION OF SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN

TYPE OF THE ATTITUDE NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. LET IT BE AS IT IS 48,60

2. THE MOST VIOLENT SCENES ONLY SHOULD BE FORBIDDEN 20,23

3. THE VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN SHOULD BE FORBIDDEN, BECAUSE THEY MAKE PEOPLE AGGRESSIVE 12,79

4. CHILDREN SHOULDN'T BE ALLOWED TO WATCH THE SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN, IT'S FOR ADULTS ONLY 11,16

5. CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 10 SHOULDN'T BE ALLOWED TO WATCH THE SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN 5,11

6. CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 15 SHOULDN'T BE ALLOWED TO WATCH THE SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN 3,95

7. THERE MAY BE MORE VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN THAN IT IS NOW, IT WON'T DO ANY HARM 3,02

THE TABLE 25. THE AGE, SINCE WHICH RUSSIAN TEENAGERS WOULD ALLOW THEIR FUTURE CHILD TO WATCH SCENES OF VIOLENCE ON THE SCREEN.

THE AGE OF FUTURE CHILD NUMBER OF TEENAGERS (IN PERCENTS) WHO CHOSE THIS VARIANT

1. 10 YEARS 38,37

2. FROM BIRTHDAY 35,58

3. 15 YEARS 25,34

9.9. Media Criticism as a Part of Media Education

The first publications of some of these texts:

1. in the American magazines Cineaste (1997, Vol. XXII, n 4, p. 62), Audience (1994, n 179, p.20-22; 1995, n 180, p.13-17; 1995, n 181, p. 24-28; 1995, n 182, p. 4-7; 1995, n 183, p.15-17; 1995, n 184, p.40-42; 1995, n 185, p.14-16; 1996, n 186, p. 14-16; 1996, n 187, p.2-4; 1996, n 188, p. 21-23; 1996, n 189, p. 14-15; 1997, n 197, p. 19; 1998, n 198, p. 29; 1998, n 199, p. 19-21; 1998, n 201, p. 20);

2. in the Norwegian magazines Media I Skolen (1992, n 5, p.55-57; 1993, n 1, p. 55-58; 1993, n 2, p. 58-61; 1993, n 3, p. 51-55; 1993, n 4, p. 46-50; 1994, n 1, p. 36-39; 1994, n 2, p. 21-24; 49-51; 1994, n 4, p. 41-45; 1994, n 5, p. 48-50; 1994, n 6, p.50-52; 1995, n 1, p. 55-58; 1995, n 2, p. 40-42; 1995, n 4, p. 54-60; 1996, n 1, p. 25-32; 1996, n 6, p. 26-30; 1997, n 1, p. 39-41; 1995, n 2, p. 26; 1997, n 3, p. 12-13; 1997, n 4, p. 34-35; 1997, n 5-6, p. 39; 1998, n 1, p. 30-31; 1998, n 2, p. 22,33; 1998, n 3, p. 40-42; 1998, n 4, p. 39; 1998, n 5, p. 58-59; 1999, n 1, p.36-37; 1999, n 2, p. 45-47; 2000, n 2, p. 6-7, 45-47; 2000, n 4, p. 38-41; 2001, n 1, p. 36-37).