Translate one of the above poems into Russian.

                                                    VOCABULARY

climate  n кли­мат;

damp climate влажный климат; dry climate сухой климат; mild climate мягкий климат

weather n погода, e. g. What is the weather like today?/What weather are we having today? Какая сегодня погода?

fine adj ясный, хороший, сухой, в. g. It keeps fine. Стоит хо­рошая (ясная) погода.

fair/clear adj ясный e. g. We have had fair/clear weather all week. nice adj приятный, славный

NOTE: The weather is fine when it is bright, clear, and it is not raining. The weather is fair when it is dry and not rainy or stormy. Nice weather is a synonym to pleasant weather, contrary to nasty!

dull adj пасмурный, e. g. If it is a dull day, let us stay at home. It is rather dull and looks like rain.

wet adj мокрый, влажный, to get wet to the skin промокнуть до костей

nasty adj отврати­тельный, e. g. Very unpleas­ant weather is called nasty.

close adj душный oppressive adj (о погоде, возду­хе и т. д.) душный, знойный

cold I. n холод; bitter cold сильный мороз; piercing cold пронизывающий холод; to shiver with cold дрожать от хо­лода; 2. adj холодный

cool    1. п прохлада; 2. adj прохладный

temperature n The temperature falls/goes down. Температура падает. The tem­perature rises/goes up. Темпе­ратура повышается.

degree n градус

zero n нуль, е. g. It is two degrees above zero today, but yesterday it was ten degrees below zero.

sun n солнце

rise (rose, risen) v в(о)сходить

(о солнце) set (set, set) v заходить, е. g. The sun rises early and sets late in summer. sunny adj солнечный, е. g. What a sunny day!

sunshine n солнечный свет; хорошая погода

sunray n солнечный луч

sunlit adj освещенный солнцем sunrise n восход солнца;   

at sunrise на заре, с восходом солнца

sunset/sundown n закат, за­ход солнца

lie (lay, lain) v лежать; to lie in the sun лежать на cолнце, загорать

dawn n рассвет, заря, е. g.

We stayed up with her till dawn. at dawn на заре

wind n ветер, е. g. Where is the wind from? light wind легкий ветерок; piercing/cut­ting wind пронизывающий ве­тер

blow (blew, blown) v дуть, е. g. The wind is blowing from the north (east, etc.).

fall (fell, fallen) v стихать (о ветре)

windy adj ветреный

fresh adj (о воздухе, ветре и т. д.) бодрящий, свежий,е. g. Let's go out for some fresh air.

storm n буря, шторм, е. g. The storm burst out yesterday, to be caught in a storm/to be overtaken by a storm быть за­стигнутым бурей.

stormy adj бурный, штормовой

spring 1. n весна, е. g. We're having an early spring this year. 2. attr. весенний, e. g. It's spring weather today.

awake (awoke; awoke, awaked) v пробуждаться, е. g. Nature is awaking from its winter sleep.

melt v таять, е. g. In spring snow melts and little streams flow merrily.

grow (grew, grown) v делаться, становиться; to grow green зеленеть

bud 1. n почка, бутон,е. g. The buds were killed by the late frost. 2. v давать почки, пус­кать ростки, е. g. Everything is beginning to bud now.

to put forth/to shoot out пус­кать (побеги), е. g. Trees put forth/shot out little buds.

blossom 1. v цвести, расцве­тать; 2. n цвет; цветение (преим. на плодовых деревь­ях); to break into blossom рас­цветать

nest n гнездо, е. g. Birds build nests in spring.

lay (laid, laid) v класть, поло­жить; to lay eggs класть яйца

plough [plau] v пахать

sow (sowed, sown) v сеять

seeds n pl. семена

dig (dug, dug) v копать; to dig the ground вскапывать землю

summer 1. n лето; 2. attr. лет­ний to set (set, set) in наступать,

e, g. Summer set in.

warm .adj теплый hot adj жаркий heat n жара, е. g. What unbear­able/oppressive heat! dust n пыль dusty adj пыльный cloud n туча, е. g. Dark clouds sail/drift in the sky. cloudy adj покрытый тучами, пасмурный, e. g. It is cloudy today.

overcast adj покрытый обла­ками, e.g. The sky is overcast.

rain1 1. n дождь, е. g. A light rain made the sidewalks wet. It looks like rain. По­хоже, что пойдет дождь. 2. v идти (о дожде), е. g. It is raining hard/heavily. It is going to rain. Собирается дождь. rainy adj дождливый, ненаст­ный, e. g. It was a rainy sum­mer.

shower 1. n ливень, е. g. Wait until the shower is over.

thunder 1. n гром; a peal/roll, clap of thunder раскат, удар грома, е. g. Terrifying peals of thunder broke the still­ness of the air. A distant roll of thunder was heard. The clap of thunder frightened us. 2. v греметь (о громе), е. g, It is thundering.

thunderstorm n гроза; to be caught in/to be overtaken by a thunderstorm быть застиг­нутым грозой

lighten v освещать, сверкать

lightning n молния; to be struck by lightning быть пораженным молнией; a flash of lightning вспышка молнии

stop v прекращаться, e. g. Has it stopped raining? No, it hasn't. It keeps on raining. It is clearing up. Проясняется.

rainbow n радуга

bathe v купаться; to go bathing (boating, fishing, mushroom­ing, etc.) отправиться ку­паться (кататься на лодке, удить рыбу,     по грибы и т. д.)

to pick/to gather berries (nuts, flowers) собирать ягоды (оре­хи, цветы), е. g. The children went into the forest to pick berries. We picked flowers in the fields and meadows. (But: They gathered mushrooms in the forest.)

field/wild flowers полевые цветы to smell sweet благоухать to do gardening работать в саду

ripen v поспевать, вызревать (also: to get ripe, e. g Our apples are getting ripe now.) ripe adj спелый

autumn n (Am. fall) 1 n осень; 2. attr. осенний

yield l'ji:ld] v уступать, е. g. Summer yields to autumn.

to turn/to become yellow жел­теть

fall off v падать, опадать (о листьях, плодах)

fade v (о цветах) вянуть, отцве­тать

faded/fallen, dead leaves (flow­ers) увядшие, опавшие ли­стья (цветы)

drizzle 1 1. n мелкий дождь, изморось; 2. v мо­росить

fog n туман; thick/dense fog густой туман

foggy adj туманный

dirt n грязь

mud n грязь, слякоть

NOTE: Mud is soft wet soil mixed with water; dirt is something un­clean, e. g. Rain turns soil into mud. Wash the dirt off your face.

muddy adj грязный, слякотный

slippery adj скользкий, е. g. It is slippery today.

pool n лужа

crop n урожай; хлеб на корню, в. g. There is a large apple crop this year.

harvest 1. n урожай; жатва, e. g. This year the harvest is better than usual. 2. v со­бирать урожай, e. g. Have you harvested the crop yet?

NOTE: Crop means the yield of grain, fruit; harvest is applied almost wholly to grain; it also means the season in which crops are gath­ered in.

winter 1. n зима; 2. attr. зим­ний

snow 1. n снег, e. g. The snow lies deep/thick. 2. v идти (о снеге), e. g. It is still snowing.

snowy adj снежный snowflake n снежинка, e. g. Large snowflakes were slow­ly falling to the ground. frost n мороз; hard/bitter frost

сильный мороз

frosty adj морозный, e. g. It is frosty. How bitterly cold it is!

freeze (froze, frozen) v замер­зать; мерзнуть; морозить, e. g. It is freezing. Подмора­живает.

frozen adj замерзший, e. g. Rivers and lakes are frozen. ice n лед

skate 1. v кататься на коньках; 2. n pl коньки

ski 1. v кататься на лыжах; 2. n. pi лыжи

snowman n «снежная баба»;

to make a snowman лепить «снежную бабу»

snowball n   снежок; to play snowballs играть в снежки sledge n 1. сани; to slide down a hill on a sledge кататься на санках с горы; 2. v ехать на санях; to go sledging кататься на санях

continental adj. континентальный

insular adj островной

moderate adj умеренный

equable I'ekwabl] adj ровный

tropical adj тропический

subtropical adj субтропический

What splendid (glorious, etc.) weather! Какая великолепная (чудесная и т. д.) погода! (What a lovely day! Какой вос­хитительный день!)

a spell of bad (fine, etc.) weath­er период плохой (хорошей и т. д.) погоды

chill I. n холод (неприятный, пронизывающий), прохлада, е. g. There is a chill in the air tonight. 2. а ох­лаждать; to be chilled to the bone продрогнуть до костей chilly1 adj прохладный (о по­годе) , зябкий wretched adj скверный,

отвратительный beastly adj (разг.) ужасный, противный, отвратительный, е. g. The weather was beastly. It was foggy and rainy.

moist adj сырой, влажный moisture n влага

mist3 n (легкий) туман, дымка, мгла, е. g. Mist cleared away. misty adj туманный, смутный, неясный

daybreak n рассвет; at day­break на рассвете

twilight / dusk n сумерки; at twilight/dusk в сумерках

NOTE: Twilight is the faint light just after sunset or just before sunrise. Dusk is the time just before it gets quite dark; it is the darker part of twilight.

breath of wind дуно­вение ветра

gust/blast of wind по­рыв ветра

breeze n бриз, легкий ветерок

calm 1. n тишина, за­тишье, штиль; 2. adI спокой­ный; calm/still weather без­ветрие

hurricane n ураган, шторм, буря

thaw 1. n оттепель, е. g. The thaw set in. 2. v таять, оттаивать, е. g. It is going to thaw.

ice-drift n ледоход

flood n наводнение, е. g. The rain-storms caused big floods.

swell(swelled, swollen) out v набухать

bloom 1. n цветение; to be in full bloom в полном цвету; 2. v цвести

twitter 1. п щебет; 2. v щебе­тать

hatch v высиживать (птенцов), е. g. Birds hatch eggs and rear their young ones.

to bask in the sun греться на солнце

temperature in the sun (in the shade) температура на солнце (в тени)

sultry adj знойный, душный

stuffy adj непроветренный, спертый, душный

scent n запах

perfume n благоухание, аромат

dew n роса, е. g. The grass is wet with dew. dewy l'dju:i] adj покрытый росой

It is raining cats and dogs. Дождь льет как из ведра.

steady rain затяжной дождь

pour v литься (о дожде), е. g. It is pouring. Идет про­ливной дождь.

downpour n ли­вень

puddle n лужа, е. g. Birds were bathing in the puddles left after a spring shower.

hail 1. n град; 2. v (в безл. обо­ротах) It is hailing. Идет град.

hailstorm n гроза с градом, сильный град

fruit season время сбора плодов и фруктов to be weighed down/laden with

fruit гнуться под тяжестью

плодов (о деревьях)

severe adj суровый, e. g. What a severe winter we had this year!

to get stiff/numb with cold око­ченеть от холода

sleet 1. n дождь со снегом; 2. v (в безл. оборотах) It is sleeting. Идет дождь со снегом.

slush n слякоть, грязь, талый снег

snowfall n снегопад snowstorm n метель, буран snowdrift n сугроб

icicle n сосулька е. g. The icicles glitter in the sun.

atmosphere n атмосфера the air pressure атмосферное давле­ние

unsettled weather неустойчивая по­года weather  

forecast n прогноз погоды squall1 n шторм, шквал

blizzard n снежная буря

foliage n листва

petal n лепесток

blade n лист, былинка, е. g. Blades of grass shoot out in spring.

bouquet [bu'kei] n букет

drought ['draut] n засуха

dazzle v ослеплять dazzling adj ослепляющий, ослепи­тельный

to get drenched to the skin промок­нуть до костей

Indian summer «бабье лето»

first autumn frosts осенние заморозки

bleak  adj холодный, суровый to have a frost-bitten nose отморо­зить нос

Synonyms and Words Usually Confused by Russian Learners

HURRICANE — BREEZE — SQUALL

hurricane: a very strong wind blowing in a circle; any strong wind.

e. g. Hurricanes are very common in the West Indies. squall; a sudden, violent windstorm, often with rain or snow.

e. g. The fishermen were overtaken by a squall in the open sea. breeze; a light gentle wind.

e. g. The gentle breeze stirred the tiny young leaves.

WET — DAMP - MOIST

wet: not dry; wet weather is rainy weather.

e. g. If you fall into a river your clothes will be wet. We are having the wettest summer for ten years.

damp: slightly wet; damp weather implies rather chilly and disagreea­ble but not necessarily cold weather. e. g. If you walk in the rain for a short while your clothes will

be damp.

moist: slightly wet; moist is not used about the weather, but of a sea­son, climate, wind, etc. e. g. Winds from the sea are usually moist.

CLOSE — STUFFY — SULTRY

close: (of the weather, the air) not fresh; uncomfortably warm. e. g. The air is close. Open the window, please.

It is often close during the rainy season in India. stuffy: hot and airless; lacking fresh air.

e. g. When the weather becomes hot and close, the heat grows

oppressive, it gets stuffy.

sultry: (of the weather) very hot and moist; oppressively hot and air­less. e. g. He could not stand the sultry heat of New York in July.

COLD — COOL — CHILLY

cold: opposite of hot.

e. g. In England the winters are never cold enough to freeze the

rivers and the summers are seldom hot. cool: opposite of warm, cool is less strong than cold.

e. g. Though the day is hot, it is cool in the shade. chilly: unpleasantly cold; not quite cold.

e, g. Let us go in, I am chilly.

RAIN — SHOWER — DRIZZLE — DOWNPOUR

rain: water falling in drops from the clouds.

e. g. The rain is falling. shower: a brief fall of rain.

e. g. It did not look like rain at all this morning. The shower came

on all of a sudden. drizzle: rain in small fine drops: thin continuous ram.

e. g. Autumn is here with its slush and drizzle. downpour: a heavy fall of rain.

e.g. The rain is still falling in torrents. We are having a downpour.

FOG — MIST

fog: thick water vapour (on the land or sea surface) which is difficult

to see through. e. g. Fog is the sailors' greatest enemy.

II. TOWN

When one in town, one amuses oneself. When one is in the country, one amuses other people. It is excessively boring. Oscar Wilde.

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