ISLAND’S GENETIC QUIRK: DARK SKIN, BLOND HAIR

In the Solomon Islands, about 10 percent of the dark-skinned indigenous people have strikingly blond hair (B13). Some islanders theorize that coloring could be a result of excess sun exposure, or a diet (B14) rich in fish.

Another explanation is that the blondness was inherited (B15) from distant ancestors (B16) – European traders and explorers who came to the islands.

But that’s not the case, researchers now report. The gene variant responsible (B17) for blond hair in the islanders is distinctly different (B18) from the gene that causes blond hair in Europeans.

“For me it breaks down any kind of simple notions you might have about race,” said Carlos Bustamante, a geneticist at Stanford University. “Humans are beautifully diverse, and this is just the tip of the iceberg.”

Dr. Bustamante and his colleagues published their findings in the current issue (B19) of the journal Science.

The researcher analyzed saliva samples from more than1,000 islanders, looking closely at a subset of the samples – from 43 blond and 42 dark-haired islanders.

They were soon able to identify the single gene responsible for the variance in hair color. Called TYRP1, the gene is known to influence pigmentation in humans.

The researchers also found that the variant of TYRP1 that causes blond hair in Solomon Islanders is absent in Europeans’ genomes.

“Here you go into an unstudied population with a small sample (B20) size and you can really find some cool things,” Dr. Bustamante said. “So what about other places, like what about light pigmentation in parts of Africa? How do we not know the genetic basis of skin and hair pigmentations across the globe (B21)?”

He and his team hope to raise more money (B22) to further analyze the Solomon Islands data.

Test 8

Part A