The Future of Telecommunications

WDM – Weapons of Mass Destruction

Weapons of mass destruction (WDM) generally include nuclear, biological, chemical weapons. The term first arose in 1937 in reference to the mass destruction of Guernica, Spain, by aerial bombardment that was made by the German Luftwaffe during the Spanish Civil War.

Nuclear weapons did not exist at that time, but biological weapons were being researched by Japan and chemical weapons had seen wide use. Following the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and progressing through the Cold War, the term came to refer more to non-conventional weapons: atomic, biological, and chemical weapons.

The phrase entered popular usage in relation to the U.S.-led multinational forces 2003 invasion of Iraq and today the most widely used definition is that of nuclear, biological or chemical weapons.

The development and use of WMD is governed by international conventions and treaties, although not all countries have signed and ratified them. There are 8 countries that are known to process nuclear weapons and, of course, other WMD, only 5 which are members of the NPT (Nuclear Non-Profit eration Treaty). All state which possess WMD can be divided into main groups.

The first one is the group of states which are commonly accepted to possess nuclear weapons: China, France, India, Israel, Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.

The second one is the group of states with access to nuclear weapons through nuclear sharing agreements: Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Turkey.

The third is the group of states currently suspected of processing or developing nuclear weapon capabilities. They are Iran and North Korea.

And the last group of countries is states that formerly possessed nuclear capabilities: South Africa, as well as Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine following the break-up of the formed Soviet Union.

Weapons of mass destruction, especially nuclear weapons are rarely used because their use is essentially and “invitation” for a WMD relation, which in turn could escalate into a war so destructive it could easily destroy huge segments of the world`s population. During the Cold War, this understanding became known as mutually assured destruction and was largely the reason war never broke out between the WMD-armed United States and Soviet Union.

But nowadays there is great concern that weapon of this kind can be available for terrorist organizations, moreover can be used by these organizations.

Why do We Learn English

People began to speak many centuries ago, and since then they have been speaking different languages. Every language reflects the soul, behavior and temperament of each nationality. Peoples created their own alphabets and rules, but they always wanted to communicate with each other, to understand and to know more about each other. Languages help people to understand each other better, they help them to solve different economic and political problems, which stands before them, and so people learn foreign languages.

All languages are different. Some are very hard, some are easies, some are similar, but there are no identical languages in the whole world. There are more than 2700 languages in the world. Many of them are “alive” because people use them, but there are some “dead” languages, for example Latin. Two thousand years ago, Latin was the world’s most important international language. Today this title belongs to English. It’s a global language of travel, business, pop culture, sport and science.

Over one billion people speak English. That’s almost one fifth of the world’s population. For over 400 million it’s their first language. For the other 600 million it’s either a second language or a foreign language. Today, in fact, over 250 million people are learning English. That’s more than the population of the USA.

The average person in Britain has a vocabulary of between 10 000 and 15 000 words. In this plays William Shakespeare used a vocabulary of about 30 000 words. Shakespeare was born over 400 years ago. At that time, only six or seven million people spoke English.

Now English is spoken practically all over the world, it has become the world’s most important language in politics, science, trade and cultural relations. It is spoken as a mother tongue in Great Britain, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Besides, a lot of people speak English in Japan, India, China, Africa and many other countries. English is one of the official languages of the United Nation Organization. Half of the world’s scientific literature is in English. It is the language of computer technology.

To my mind English is worth studying. There is a proverb: “A new language is a new world”. “Knowledge is a power”, one great man said. Speaking a foreign language one can note only read the papers, magazines and original books by outstanding writers, but as well watch satellite programs, travel easily to different parts of the world. Besides understanding and speaking a foreign language became necessary while applying for a good and well-paid job.

Now I know that it is a must for XXI century professional no matter what job to choose the world is getting smaller and international collections tighter. A lot of foreign delegations keep coming to our country, hundreds of joint ventures have appeared in every city of our country recently. So without doubt you can’t do without learning this beautiful language.

The Future of Telecommunications

I would like to tell you about telecommunications and their future.

We cannot deny the role of telecommunications in our life. The internet, phones, telegraph, cell phones, radio, television, video call phones are all the means of communication or telecommunication. Nowadays we live in information era, when information is the key and engine of progress. Our society needs to develop means of information exchange for its future developing and growth that is why all types of telecommunication are under the permanent developing. Future is speed and power. New technologies in electronics continue to develop. Computers become more compact, faster and inexpensive. Technology exerts revolutionary influence on society only when it is universal. Real revolution in manufacture, accumulation, treatment of matter began when first universal machines appeared and telecommunication systems were created. In ancient machines energy source was combined with machine itself, but in process of development, division of manufacture, new means of transmission and consumption of energy took place.

Revolutionary modifications in use of energy connected with appearance of universal electric machines and power grids, social changes to informational society are observed in all countries.

On base of analogy between matter, energy and information we can have ideas about future. Earlier, for example, number of manufactured metal played the strategic role and was the description of development. Now we save metal, energy and we think about energy saving technologies.

It is very difficult to predict many steps of telecommunication development. Telecommunications change world very much and probably will change the human being.