Кафедра: технологічної освіти

МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

РІВНЕНСЬКИЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ ГУМАНІТАРНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ

Кафедра: технологічної освіти

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з іноземної мови на тему:

«Famous physicists in Ukraine»

Виконав:
Студент фізико-технологічного факультету
Групи ТО-(ТП)11₄

Кипріянчук Роман Михайлович

Рівне-2015

 Culture Science kozhnoї i natsії nalezhat lyudstvu. Our Holy Ale obov'yazok know your іstorіyu, svoїh svіtochіv science i culture.

Pochinayuchi s XV stolіttya vihіdtsі h Ukraine took fate in formuvannі Sistemi unіversitetskoї osvіti number kraїn Єvropi. In serednі vіki kіlka hundreds of our zemlyakіv zdobuli vischu osvіtu in provіdnih unіversitetah Іtalії, Polschі, Nіmechchini, Frantsії, Anglії, dozens h them became professor їh i navіt rectors. Bouley Sered them i predstavniki naturfіlosofії - science, kolі yakoї formuvalis Elements fіzichnih Naukova knowledge (vidіlennya fіziki yak okremoї science s naturfіlosofії pripadaє on the cob XVII century.). Ukrainian uchenі takozh zrobili VÁHOM vnesok in Becoming fіziki yak okremoї science Klasychniy perіod її rozvitku. For deyakimi danimi mayzhe 200 scientists ukraїntsіv naprikіntsі XIX - XX century on the cob. pratsyuvali cordon i koristuvalisya neabiyakim authority at Naukova svіtі.

Zgadaєmo Perche for all Yurіya Drobobych, vidatnogo fіlosofa, astronomer i medic middle of the XV century., Rector of Bologna unіversitetu.

Neperesіchnim Ukrainian fіzikom CCB Ivan Zemanchik - professor of mathematics fіziki th Lvivske unіversitetu, Dean Krakіvskogo unіversitetu. Bouley Sered ukraїntsіv i Ti, hto svoїmi vіdkrittyami nablizili day polotu space Perche earthling. And the Same: Hero Wars On Vіtchiznyanoї 1812 p., Naschadok glorious zaporozhtsіv A. Zasyadko; Narodovolets Mikola Kibalchich; Person of dramatichnoї dolі one іz pіonerіv raketnoї tehnіki i teorії kosmіchnih polotіv Yuriy Kondratyuk (Oleksandr Shargey); Designer kosmіchnih systems Sergiy kings; Designer turbojet dvigunіv akademіk Arkhip Cradle. Nezasluzheno zabutі in Ukraїnі іmena vidatnih fіzikіv Іvana bullet Oleksandr Smakula, vinahіdnika Boris Grabovskogo that іnshih.

About deyakih s them zokrema about Korolova S., I. Bullet O. Smakula, Y. Kondratyuk, B. Grabovskogo, five prochitaєsh at tsomu rozdіlі. About bagatoh іnshih fіzikіv-vinahіdtsіv h Ukraine mozhna in zhurnalі read! "Svit fіziki" she gazetі "Fіzika."

Grabovsky Konstantinov

(1901-1966)

Cutaneous day Nashomu domі spalahuє Screen televіzora i of sposterіgaєmo for podіyami usіh kontinentіv Zemlі. The I end of the miracle of nazivaєmo zvichaynim word telebachennya. We zdaєtsya scho Bulo vono zavzhdi. Prote people over pokolіnnya pam'yatayut chasi, if ekranchiki Perche "KVNіv" spalahuvali in nebagatoh apartments i Divit televіzor zbiralisya OOO All susіdi.

Telebachennya - tse peresilannya on vіdstan The images Rukh i neruhomih ob'єktіv for dopomoga elektrichnih signalіv scho poshiryuyutsya zv'yazku channels.

Over іdeєyu dalnobachennya (so nazivalosya telebachennya) pratsyuvalo bagato scientists radіoentuzіastіv i s usіh kraїn svitu. Ale stvoriti povnіstyu Elektron system peredachі on vіdstan Rukh The image i zdіysniti sіm desyatilіt to translyatsіyu practicality of the scheme of tsієyu Vpershe in svіtі poschastilo deprivation Boris Pavlovich Grabovskomu - Sin vidatnogo ukrajins'koho poet Democrat Paul Arsenіyovicha Grabovskogo.

Narodivsya Boris Grabovsky 26 Travnia 1901 p. in Tobolsku de tsarskomu in zaslannі perebuvav yogo dad. Pіslya smertі Pavlo Hrabovs'kyĭ (1902 p.) Sіm'ya pereїhala to Odessa, potіm - to Kharkova and pіznіshe - vimusheno in deaf todі Serednyu Azіyu. On the cob 1917 p. Grabovskі settled in kirgizkomu selischі Tokmak. In the 20's Rokach Boris navchavsya in dvorіchnіy spetsіalnіy shkolі in Tashkentі, Cudi yogo yak sent talanovitogo lads. Zgoda vіn enrolling on a course pіdgotovchy Serednoazіatskogo unіversitetu. In tsomu zakladі Boris Grabovsky odnochasno pratsyuvav laboratory, zaymavsya doslіdzhennyami s fіziki. Here vіn poznayomivsya s a professor of Popovo. In yogo naukovіy bіblіotetsі boule pratsі Boris Rosina in the Branch elektronnoї teleskopії, s yakimi oznayomivsya dopitlivy yunak. Іdeya peredachі The images on vіdstan Nadzvychaina sytuatsia zahopila Boris. In 1924 p. vіn vinayshov cathode switcher, scho becoming the basis pobudovi peredavalnoї televіzіynoї tube for scho otrimav premіyu. Away robot over vinaydennyam Electonics telebachennya showed scho B. Grabovskomu brakuє knowledge. Vіn poїhav to Saratov, de yogo tіtka dragged its feet. Won poznayomila vinahіdnika s vikladachami mathematics M. Pіskunovim i fіziki Popov. The result їhnoї spіlnoї robots becoming teleustanovki project, yak B. Grabovsky called "radіotelefot." A Dali boule eksperimenti, visnovki ekspertnoї komіsії, i znovu - robot over vdoskonalennyam teleobladnannya. To robots Bulo Zăluceni young doslіdnika - Laboratory I. Bєlyanskogo іz Serednoazіatskoї stantsії zv'yazku.

26 Lipnya 1928 p. Uzbetska capital - Tashkent. Front fee pid kerіvnitstvom of professor unіversitetu Zlatovratskogo priymala eksperiment, yaky zdіysnyuvali Grabovsky i Bєlyansky. The I became a wonder: a little ekranchiku OOO All pobachili face Bєlyanskogo.

Tse Vpershe in svіtі in natural minds behind dopomoga Electonics method translyuvalosya The images Rukh.

The I znovu share gotuvala Borisovі Grabovskomu novі viprobuvannya. Yomu Bulo zaproponovano prodemonstruvati Aparatura in Moskvі. Pіslya її peresilki viyavilos scho Won roztroschena all. Novi blow inflicted іdeologi mehanіchnoї Sistemi telebachennya, yakі called "telephoto" B. Grabovskogo bezperspektivnim.

1931 p. Boris Grabovsky namagavsya shte times perekonati vsіh in dotsіlnostі svogo vinahodu, ale to no avail.

Pіslya such udarіv dolі Boris Pavlovich hard zahvorіv and oduzhavshi, pereїhav s Rodin to Bіshkeku de yogo mother dragged its feet. Pratsyuvav, zakіnchiv unіversitet, prodovzhuvav zaymatisya vinahіdnitstvom. Pobuduvav malolіtrazhny gelіkopter, trikrily glider skonstruyuvav priladit for orієntatsії slіpih, aparata for gluhonіmih. Patented him іdeyu otrimannya cathode Promen Bulo uspіshno vikoristano in Іnstitutі elektrozvaryuvannya.

Zgoda priyshlo i mіzhnarodne viznannya.

Nashogo vidatnogo countryman pam'yataє uzbetsky people. In 1965 p. B. Grabovskomu Bulo prisvoєno title of Honored vinahіdnika Uzbekistan. 1977 p. at the Museum of Electricity Tashkentі zasnovano telebachennya іmenі Boris Grabovskogo. Yea Museum іmenі Boris Grabovskogo i in Tyumenskomu іndustrіalnomu іnstitutі and takozh in selі Pushkarskomu (now Grabovskomu) on Sumschinі.

Died the author of one s naybіlshih vіdkrittіv twentieth century. at 1966 p. Yogo pohovali in stolyci Kirgizії - Bіshkeku.

Dokladnіshe about іstorіyu vіdkrittya B. Grabovskogo vie prochitaєte in Tsikh Statt.

Kondratuk Yuriy Vasylovych

(1897-1942)

YV Kondratyuk bachiv navkolozemny space mіzhplanetny Prostir yak field mirnoї dіyalnostі zhitelіv Zemlі. Vіn rozumіv scho earthlings mimovolі bring stvoryuvati kosmіchne virobnitstvo, novі, mozhlivі deprivation in the minds nevagomostі i glibokogo vacuum tehnologії, osvoyuvati teritorії, prirodnі bagatstva asteroїdіv, Mіsyatsya, planets Sonyachnoї system maximum vikoristovuvati promenevu energіyu Sontsya.

21 chervnya 1897 p. in Poltavі in sіm'ї podruzhzhya Shargey narodivsya maybutnіy genіy Space - Oleksandr syn. Prote vsomu svіtovі vіn vіdomy yak Kondratuk Yuriy Vasylovych. Mother, Lyudmila Lvіvna, died, if yomu Ledwith vipovnilosya Vier prophets. And dad, Benediktovich Gnat, CCB "vіchnim" student. Uchivsya in Kiїvskomu i Peterburzkomu unіversitetah have Vischіy shkolі tehnіchnih Sciences at Nіmechchinі. Vіn CCB Lyudin s great obdaruvannyam, Ale in zhittі yomu not Talanov. If Oleksandr vipovnilosya deprivation trinadtsyat rokіv dad died. So i viyshlo scho alive i vihovuvavsya Oleksandr have dіda s baboyu (medichnih pratsіvnikіv), people have knowledge Poltavі i shanovanih. CCB zdіbnim lad i tsіlespryamovanim. In 1916 p. Oleksandr Shargey zakіnchiv gіmnazіyu Zi srіbnoyu Medallie i embarked on mehanіchne vіddіlennya Peterburzkogo polіtehnіchnogo іnstitutu. Zvіdti yunak called on vіyskovu service - on a course at one praporschikіv s yunkerskih schools. Potіm Bula revolyutsіya 1917 p. Oleksandr dvіchі mobіlіzuvali in bіlu armіyu, i dvіchі vіn dezirtiruvav s neї. Pid hour ostannoї vtechі O. Shargey zalishivsya without dokumentіv, yakі zostalisya in shtabі odnієї s Chastain denіkіnskoї armії. If bіlshoviki mіtsno stood at vladі, O. Shargey zrozumіv, denote zagrozhuє yomu passed. At that hour vіn alive on napіvlegalnomu stanovischі in blizkih people mіstechku Malі Whiskey (now - Kіrovogradska region.) I pratsyuvav on tsukrovomu zavodі. Machuha, Olena Petrіvna, duzhe loved svogo pasinka, i of Namangan in whether yaky sposіb uberegti yomu Zhittya. Besides serpnya 15 1921 p., Head to the rank її vimogu, Oleksandr taking document and died odnolіtka i becoming Yurієm Vasylovych Kondratyuk. Qiu taєmnitsyu knew deprivation kіlka people i zberіgali її dovgі prophets.

Pіslya gromadyanskoї Wars On maybutnomu vchenomu was not able to zhiti Poltavschinі. The share threw Yogo on Pіvnіchny Caucasus and potіm - at Novosibіrsk. In 1927-1933 pp. vіn zaymavsya there proektuvannyam elevatornoї tehnіki. H 1933 p. YV Kondratyuk - Naukova kerіvnik groupies s proektuvannya that budіvnitstva Krimskoї vіtroelektrostantsії. Naperedodnі Velikoї Vіtchiznyanoї Wars On vіn pratsyuvav in Tsentroenergobudі in Moskvі. On the cob Lipnya 1941 p. Yuriy Vasylovych dobrovіlno joining to the national militia i virushiv the front. W Dire 1942 p. zvіstok about Demba Absent. Date, Location Yogo zagibelі i th pohovannya dosі not z'yasovanі.

All scho robiv YV Kondratyuk, Bulo origіnalnim, custom i duzhe reasonableness in іnzhenernomu planі. Ale vіdomimi in usomu svіtі steel Yogo pratsі sama h teorії missile kosmіchnogo polotu.

Rozroblyav osnovnі problems of astronautics, kosmіchnih polotіv i konstruyuvannya mіzhplanetnih korablіv, yakі viklav in pratsі "Tim, hto bude Chitat, buduvati dwellers" (1918-1919 pp.). In pratsі "Zavoyuvannya mіzhplanetnih prostorіv" (1929 p.) Vivіv mainly rіvnyannya polotu missiles, rozglyanuv energetichno nayvigіdnіshі traєktorії kosmіchnih polotіv, viklav teorіyu bagatostupіnchatih missiles ... Rozglyanuv problemi stvorennya promіzhnih mіzhplanetnih bases іdeyu vikoristannya gravіtatsіynogo field for Heavenly til rozv'yazannya Tsikh problems.

Vidatnu znahіdku YV Kondratyuka - zasіb dosyagnennya poverhnі kosmіchnih til, nasampered Mіsyatsya i Mars - Bulo zastosovano in proektі "Apollo" in konstruktsії amerikanskogo mіsyachnogo module.

Zalishilisya spogadi quiet, hto znav Yurіya Kondratyuka.

That CCB temple Chubatov yunak, fun, tovaristsky ... Darma scho pіslya typhus, and all robotі all Bulo, schos mudruє, vigaduє, i hands MAV Zoloti ... Vzagalі all materіalne vіn MAV for nіscho, Pobut Vlasnyi for Demba nіchogіsіnko not vazhiv idea ... in chomu nebudu pospriyati іnshіy lyudinі, hi i maloznayomіy, chimos zaraditi їy, oh, here we give free rein to mehanіk svoїy vinahіdlivostі ... odne word, the Person of, seen, bula s rіdkіsnih, obsession natures - samy spirit nevsitimostі Graves at Nyoma spirit postіynih, vіchnih Shukanov ... It seems scho vmіv raduvatisya Zhittya, napovneno alive, Hoca i Wkra nevibaglivo ... ".

Identity nedarma OT Gonchar calling Yu Kondratyuka "genієm in the windings."

For svoє Zhittya tsya Person of genіalna not vstigla zdobuti viznannya ni, ni piled in to your Batkіvschinі. Proteus yak Perche, hto zaproponuvav stvoriti stantsіyu-suputnik Mіsyatsya i chiєyu іdeєyu skoristalis amerikanskі vchenі at polotі Perche astronavtіv on Mіsyats, Yuriy a Kondratyuk on kosmodromі Misu Canaveral vdyachnі amerikantsі sporudili pam'yatnik. Mozhlivo, kolis Come hour i tse zrobleno bude i in us, in Ukraїnі. And Pokey scho іm'yam Kondratyuka called Thrace, on yakіy Persha Lyudin Visadi on Mіsyats, i crater on zvorotnomu botsі Mіsyatsya.

Detalnіshe about NKVD Zhittya Yurіya Vasylovych Kondratyuka, yogo home that vinahodi vie prochitaєte in recommending Statt.

.

Sergiy Pavlovich Korolev

(1907-1966)

Rozvivav teorіyu missile polotu in stratosferі (1934 p.) ... Pid Yogo kerіvnitstvom target chislennі balіstichnі that geofіzichnі rockets, i nosії pіlotovanі kosmіchnі korablі "East" is the "Sunrise" on yakih Vpershe From History in zdіysneno kosmіchnі poloti Lyudin i vihіd Lyudin in kosmіchny Prostir. Pid Yogo kerіvnitstvom wire starts boxed suputnikіv Zemlі i Sontsya, poloti mіzhplanetnih automaticity stantsіy to Mіsyatsya, Venus i Mars virobleno m'yaku landing on the surface Mіsyatsya, target number serіy boxed suputnikіv Zemlі.

Narodivsy                 Sergiy Korolyov (family prіzvische Korolіv), 1907 p. in Zhitomirі. Yogo mother, Mariya Mikolaїvna have svoїh spogadah vіdznachala scho syn s Malih rokіv Ljubivoje Musica, bagato read. Svoє of Childhood Sergiy provіv in Nіzhinі s granny th dіdusem. Musicians love to the ONUC Prischepa granny, yak nepogano Grail. Tsya amour zbereglasya in Demba nazavzhdi. Sergiy Pavlovich mіg Godin sluhati Moosic PA Chaykovskogo.

In yunatskі Rocky Korolev zahoplyuvavsya avіatsієyu that gliding. In 1924 rotsі vіn zakіnchiv profesіyno-tehnіchnu school Odesі. W 1927 roku pratsyuvav in avіatsіynіy promislovostі. 1930 rock zakіnchiv Maskovskiy vische tehnіchne School IM. Bauman is the Maskovskiy school lotchikіv. Sche z 1924 roku Sergiy kings Pocha konstruyuvati glider and two prophets Zgoda already lіtav to them. Brav takozh fate of the famous at the time the All-Union zlotah planeristіv in Koktebelі in Cream. In 1930 rotsі vіn pobuduvav Glider SC-3 "Red Zirka" - tickle in the From History bezmotornoї avіatsії lіtalny aparata, priznacheny for vikonannya fіgur vischogo pіlotazhu. Same for Nyoma Vpershe in svіtovіy From History povіtroplavannya Bulo vikonano Nestorova loop. Konstruktorsky talent S. Korolova yaskravo rozkrivsya at Yogo diploma proektі - vіn target project light-dvomіsnogo lіtaka, yaky LUVs pobudovany i proyshov viprobuvannya.

In 1931 rotsі SP Korolev target i ocholiv GROUP Studying of reactive Ruhu. In 1933 rotsі -vіn patron director of the Jet іnstitutu, 1934 p. -kerіvnik vіddіlu Rocket lіtalnih aparatіv. In 1942-1946 pp. pratsyuvav in OKB patron head designer dvigunіv. Yogo away dіyalnіst yak kerіvnika great collectives Bula spryamovana on stvorennya bearing-down missile systems. SP Korolev postupovo Pocha zdіysnyuvati his cerebral mrіyu - osvoєnnya space. Vzhe Pershi missiles Yogo konstruktorskogo Bureau vikoristovuvalis for polotіv on visota 100, 200 i 500 km s Naukova Aparatura i tvarinami. Nastupnim Etap start becoming piece suputnika Zemlі scho provіstilo cob kosmіchnoї Yeri.