Choose the correct variant and complete the sentences.

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1) In Egypt the nobles (who, whom) ruled were rich.

2) The people, (who, whom) the nobles ruled were extremely poor.

3) At the end of the story who married (who, whom)?

4) Dorothea Lange was the woman (who, whom) photographed us.

5) Do you know (who, whom) she is?

6) I consulted Doctor Braun, (who, whom) my mother recommended.

7) Tom Green, (who, whom) sat next to you, fell asleep during the last act of the play.

8) The man, (who, whom) you met at the party, was Mr Clyde.

9) My mother, (who, which) is sixty-five, is having a party today.

10) Give the job to the person, (who, whom) you can trust.

11) Mr Doyle is a person, (whom, who) young people like.

12) Her elder sister, to (whom, who) she send the card, moved to Madrid.

13) It was Napoleon (who, whom) invaded Spain in 1808.

14) She could hardly guess (who, whom) it was.

15) Mrs Harvey, (who, whom) I work for on Saturdays, owns two farms.

16) Is there anyone (who, whom) plans to get up early tomorrow?

Translate the sentences into English.

1) Кто оставил словарь на столе?

2) Кто из вас оставил словарь на столе?

3) Кому вы дали свой учебник?

4) На каком этаже вы живёте?

5) На какой стороне улицы ваш дом?

6) Что вам купить: масла или сыру?

7) Какой месяц самый холодный в Лондоне?

8) Кто из студентов вашей группы написал диктант без ошибок?

9) О чём вы разговаривали, когда я вас встретил?

10) Каково население этого города?

11) Что с ним случилось?

12) Который твой отец? – Тот, что в синем пальто.

13) С кем ты идешь гулять? С Лесли или Томом?

14) Что там у тебя в карманах?

15) Кто был на вечеринке вчера? – Очень много моих новых друзей. – А кто твои самые близкие друзья? – Мои самые близкие друзья – Сэм и Габби.

16) Актер, о котором вы меня спрашивали, навестит нас сегодня вечером.

UNIT 8 RELATIVE PRONOUNS

1.Relative pronouns (who, whose, which, that, as) point to a noun or a pronoun mentioned before and have conjunctive power, are used to introduce relative clauses. Unlike conjunctions, relative pronouns are members of the clauses. 2. Whois used in reference to human beings or animals: Professor Marvin, who was always early, was there already. 3. Whose is mainly used in reference to human beings or animals, but it may be applied to things: A child whose mother had left was crying loudly. 4. Which is used in reference to things and animals: I gave him an envelope, whichhe put in his pocket at once. Whichcan be used to say something about the whole situation described in the main clause: I never met Brandy again, which was a pity. 5. That is mainly used in reference to animals and things. It may also be used in reference to human beings: He was the man that bought my house. There was the ice-cream that Mum had made herself. The house that we lived in was huge. 6. As usually introduces attributive clauses when the demonstrative pronoun such is used in the principal clause (it is a rare case when as is used without such in the principal case). As may refer to living things and things: It was crazy for her to think of such a thing as buying a car. 7. Relative pronouns always perform some syntactical function in the clause they introduce. The thing that really surprised me was his attitude. (subject) The car, which caused the accident, drove off. (subject) He has married somebody, who I really don’t like. (object) You are the only person here who knows me. (object) That, who or which can be left out if they are the objects of the verb in the relative clause: The woman you met yesterday lives next door. Angela was the only person I could talk to. BUT: That, who or which cannot be omitted when they are the subjects of the verb in the relative clause. 8. The words whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, however and wherever can be used as relative pronouns. These words have similar meaning to it doesn’t matter who/what/which, any person who, any thing that, etc, or the unknown person who/ the unknown thing that etc. Whoever comes to the door, tell him I’m busy. Whateveryou do, I’ll always love you. Whicheverof them you marry, you’ll have problems. People always want more, however rich they are. You can come whenever you like. Wherever you go, you’ll find Coca-Cola.

E x e r c i s e s

8.1. Complete the sentences with that, who or which. In some sentences more than one pronoun can be used.

1) Do you know the man who wrote this letter?

2) The magazine … you lent me is very interesting.

3) The street … leads to the station is very wide.

4) The doctor … she visited told her to stay in bed.

5) The man … you want to see has just left.

6) The girl … you see at the door is my sister.

7) This is the only example … I can give you.

8) Yesterday I met my brother, … showed me a letter … he had received from our parents.

9) I went fishing last Sunday, … is one of the most pleasant ways of spending one’s free time.

10) They reached the street in … she lived.

11) The last thing … any of us wants is breakfast.

12) He was late, … made her angry.

13) Have you got back the things … were stolen?

14) You shouldn’t believe all the things … you read in the newspaper.

15) We are moving to Manchester, … is in the north-west.

16) This is one of the songs … the Beatles recoded in 1966.

17) We cannot provide the information … you asked for

Match the main clauses with the relative clauses.

1) I had to travel first class, … 2) It snowed heavily at night, … 3) The car uses very little petrol, … 4) He didn’t get up until after eight o’clock, 5) A puzzle is a problem … 6) The food in the hotel was not very good, 7) He kept complaining, … 8) Both the girls were late, … 9) Michelle always did very well at school, 10) She cycled from London to Glasgow, … 11) It’s a book … a) which is pretty good for a woman of 75. b) which meant we had to cancel the match next day. c) which meant we had to eat out in the evenings. d) which will interest the children of all ages. e) that is difficult to solve. f) which really annoyed everyone. g) which certainly pleased her mother. h) which means it is quite cheap to run. i) which meant he was almost late for work. j) which meant we had to leave without them. k) which was very expensive.

Omit the relative pronoun where possible.

1) He returned to his desk and dialed a number which he knew by heart. – He returned to his desk and dialed a number he knew by heart.

2) His eyes, which were hot and inquisitive, looked from Martin to me.

3) In the dark and the cold of the morning they drove out the country road through the mist that hung heavy over the flat plain.

4) He was the architect of this very house that we live in.

5) The telephone, which was on a side table beside Guy’s chair, mercifully rang out.

6) All that I can then do was to sit back and wait.

7) He offered a cigarette which a pilot refused.

8) It was the first time that I heard John talk about Jack.

9) She came into the room in which a child was sleeping and drew the curtains.

10) Often they discussed things about which he knew nothing.

11) Do you like the boy that is talking to Jennifer?

12) I like the barber that usually cuts my hair.

13) The students that came late missed the quiz.

8.4. Take out the relative pronouns whom or which and re-write the sentences putting the prepositions in their proper places.

1) This is the train by which I came. - This is the train I came by.

2) Do you know the boy to whom I am referring?

3) This is the man to whom I wrote the letter.

4) Who is the boy to whom you were talking?

5) This is the tree about which I told you.

6) The children to whom you spoke are learning grammar.

7) The man from whom I got the information is the pilot.

8) The chair on which he sat had just been painted.

9) The people with whom I live are very pleasant.

10) That is the box out of which he took the money

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