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Вариант № 7

Номер варианта контрольной работы соответствует последней цифре номера зачетной книжки студента

1. Complete these sentences with one of these phrases + an appropriate preposition.( Закончите эти предложения с одним из этих фраз + подходящего предлога).

My children    his calculation my ladder the idea my students

1. At the beginning of tern I supply….. a list of books I want them to read.

2. A company wants to build a huge new wildlife park outside Huddersgate, but the local people regard…..ridiculous.

3. I tried to interest…….washing my car, without success.

4. He based……government statistics.

5. I lent……. my next door neighbour.

Now complete these sentences with an appropriate preposition + one of these phrases. (Теперь закончите эти предложения с соответствующим предлогом + одну из этих фраз.)

A vaccine to prevent the disease being called English London and Sydney my mother public recognition

6. The location of the film alternates………. .

7. Their years of research have culminated……… .

8. Although he aspired …….. he remained relatively unknown.

9. She objects………as she was actually born in Scotland.

10.  I had to care…….(my mother) when she became seriously ill.

2. Choose the present simple or present continuous for the verbs in these texts.
1. Fletcher … (pass) to Coles who … (shoot) just over the bar. United … (attack) much more in this half...
2. A man …. (come) home late one night after the office Christmas party. His wife … (wait) for him, and she ___ (say) to him...
3. Now that the rice … (cook) you …. (chop up) the carrots and tomatoes and you … (put) them in a dish...

Choose a verb with either the present perfect or the past simple for simple for these sentences.

 agree appear continue disappear move reach show solve write

1) Research ...........that cycling can help patients overcome their illness.

2) The rabbit just .......... in my garden one day last week.

3) With this promotion, I feel that I ............ a turning point in my career.

4) Oh no ! my car .......!

5) Quite early in the negotiations , they ......... to lower the prices.

6) In 1788 he ........... his last great work in Vienna

7) There's not much more to do , now that we ......... the main problem .

8) Throughout the summer of 1980 Malcolm .......... to divide his time between London and New York.

9) When he was 13, his parents .......... to the united states.

Complete these sentences using one of the following. Use the past perfect continuous. (You will need to use a negative verb form in some cases.)

Pay/bills stay/friends smoke/cigar try/to steal/car attend/classes cycle/quite fast

1. She returned to the house where she had been staying with friends.

2. Sue ……….. until she reached the hill.

3. By the smell in the room and his guilty expression I could tell that Alex …

4. The principal called Carmen into his office because she ………

5.  I had to give Peter some money when I found out that he ……… .

6. He told the police that he ……… . He said he thought it belonged to his brother.

Complete the sentences with appropriate verbs, using the same one for each sentence in the pair. Use the past perfect continuous if it is possible; if not, use the past perfect.

1. a She took a bottle from the bag she ………..all the way from home.

b The avalanche…………..them 500 metres down the mountain but no-one was hurt.

2 a We……….. for visas well before our departure date, but still hadn’t heard anything by the day we were due to leave.

b She……………. for jobs, without success, since leaving university.

3 a He……………… all the way from New York to see me.

b When the plane was diverted, it………….. from London to Frankfurt.

4 a She………….. for the same company since she qualified.

b He………… finally…………. his way up from the shop floor to a management position.

Look again at the sentences where you have used the past perfect continuous. In which is the past perfect also possible? (Also, study Unit 9 and decide when you could use the past simple instead of the past perfect in these sentences.)

Choose the past perfect continuous form of the verb if appropriate. If not, use the past perfect.

1. Andrew died last week. He……from cancer for some time. (suffer)

2. I ……….the view many times before, but it never failed to impress me. (see)

3. The opposing sides in the war……….. since the president was overthrown. (fight)

4. I …………Megan since we were at school together. (know)

5. For years we………… about buying new carpets, and last weekend we finally went out and ordered some. (talk)

6. My car was once again in the garage for repairs. This was the third time it………… since I got it. (break down)

7. Before now we……… on where to go on holiday.(always agree)

Can you explain the difference between these pairs of sentences?

1 a When I last went to Moscow, they had renovated St Basil’s Cathedral.

b When I last went to Moscow, they had been renovated St Basil’s Cathedral.

2. a Although she tried to hide her face, I could see that Clara was crying.

b Although she tried to hide her face, I could see that Clara had been crying.

8. If necessary, correct these sentences. If they are already correct, put *.

1 Before you will know it, your children will have grown up.

2 I was only just in time. As I had taken my seat, the concert started.

3 It's still two hours before I have to be back.

4 After I paint the outside of the house I'm going to decorate the kitchen.

5 He will be released from prison after he will have served 4 years.

6 She will be 25 when she completes her course.

7 When the two leaders had met, they shook hands.

8 They ordered coffee when they ate their main course.

9 You can watch television after you have cleaned your room.

10  won't give up before I will have finished what I set out to do.

Here are some extracts from the biography of a mountain climber, Daniel Hurst. Write before or until in the spaces, or before/until if both are possible.

1.He stayed in the tent………..the fog cleared. Only then was he able to go on.

2.He didn't believe that climbing the south face would be possible……….he spoke to local villagers who knew of a possible route.        

3.By taking a shorter but steeper route, he reached base camp………his fellow climbers.

4.He climbed……..he was exhausted and could go no further. 

5.He had to wait five years………….he had another opportunity to climb Everest.

6. Hurst waited with his companion………….the rescuers came, and then helped them carry her back down the mountain.

7. Fortunately, he had left the summit………..the storm started.

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Application of Chaos Theory to Markets

Capital markets go through alternating periods of calm and storminess. However, they are not always chaotic, and the shift between calm and chaos is often sudden and unpredictable. Some believe that these concepts of chaos theory can be used to understand how financial markets operate.

Markets tend to grow bubbles that eventually pop with drastic consequences. Financial bubbles often grow because of positive feedback. When investors make money during a rise in the financial markets, other observers think the investors must have made a smart decision, which leads the observers to invest their own money in the markets. The result is more buying and stock prices going higher. The positive feedback loop leads to prices beyond any logical or justifiable level. The loop eventually ends, and the last investors in are left hanging with the worst positions.

The same concept can explain volatile bear markets. The markets can suddenly shift due to outside factors, which causes investors to pay attention only to negative news. Initial selling leads to more selling as market participants liquidate their positions. The negative feedback loop tends to accelerate quickly, often resulting in a market full of undervalued stocks.

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